Arisaema quinatum

Arisaema quinatum is a species of perennial flowering plant in the arum family Araceae.[2] It is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely-related taxa in eastern North America. The specific name quinatum means "divided into five lobes",[3] a reference to its characteristic leaves. It is commonly known as the southern Jack-in-the-pulpit (or southern Jack) but some refer to it as Preacher John.[4]

Arisaema quinatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Genus: Arisaema
Species:
A. quinatum
Binomial name
Arisaema quinatum
(Nutt.) Schott[1]
Synonyms[2]
A. quinatum
    • Arisaema polymorphum (Buckley) Chapm.
    • Arum polymorphum Buckley
    • Arum quinatum Nutt.
    • Arisaema triphyllum subsp. quinatum (Nutt.) Nutt.

Description

Arisaema quinatum is a herbaceous perennial plant growing from a corm. Unlike other members of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, it has 3–5 leaflets per leaf. Its spadix is thin, cylindrical, and curved outward whereas the spadix of Arisaema triphyllum is thick, cylindrical or club-shaped, and straight.[4]

Taxonomy

Arisaema quinatum was first described as Arum quinatum by the English botanist Thomas Nuttall in 1818.[5] Its type specimen was collected in Georgia by "Dr. Baldwyn",[6] apparently a reference to American physician and botanist William Baldwin.[7] The Austrian botanist Heinrich Wilhelm Schott placed Arum quinatum Nutt. in genus Arisaema in 1856.[1][8] The name Arisaema quinatum (Nutt.) Schott is widely used today but Nuttall's contribution is sometimes overlooked.

Arisaema quinatum is a member of the Arisaema triphyllum complex, a group of closely-related taxa that also includes Arisaema pusillum, Arisaema stewardsonii, and Arisaema triphyllum. Some authorities consider Arisaema quinatum to be a synonym for Arisaema triphyllum subsp. quinatum,[9] while other authorities, including the influential Flora of North America, lump all of the taxa in the complex (including Arisaema quinatum) into a single species concept.[10][11] However, most authorities accept the species-level members of the complex, including Arisaema quinatum.[12][13][4][14][15][16][17]

Distribution and habitat

Arisaema quinatum is narrowly endemic to the southeastern United States, ranging from North Carolina to east Texas.[2][9] It is known (but rare) as far north as West Virginia.[4] A disjunct population occurs in the central portion of the Florida Panhandle, in Walton, Liberty, Leon, and Jefferson counties, where the species is commonly known as Prester John.[16][18]

Conservation

The global conservation status of Arisaema quinatum is unknown. It is uncommon (S3) in North Carolina,[14] and rare in Florida.[18]

References
  1. "Arisaema quinatum (Nutt.) Schott". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  2. "Arisaema quinatum (Nutt.) Schott". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  3. Gledhill, David (2008). The Names of Plants (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 324. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.
  4. Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2022), pp. 180–1.
  5. "Arum quinatum Nutt.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  6. Nuttall, Thomas (1818). The genera of North American plants, and a catalogue of the species, to the year 1817: Volume II. Philadelphia. p. 222. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  7. Stuckey, Ronald L. (1979). "Type specimens of flowering plants from eastern North America in the herbarium of Lewis David von Schweinitz". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 131: 30. ISBN 9781437955279. JSTOR 4064781. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  8. Schott, Heinrich Wilhelm (1856). Synopsis Aroidearum complectens enumerationem systematicam generum et specierum hujus ordinis: Volume 1. p. 28. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  9. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ssp. quinatum (Buckley) Huttleston". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  10. Thompson, Sue A. (2000). "Arisaema triphyllum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 22. New York and Oxford. Retrieved 3 February 2023 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  11. "Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  12. "Arisaema Mart.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  13. "Arisaema quinatum Schott". The World Flora Online. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  14. "Plant List". Vascular Plants of North Carolina. North Carolina Biodiversity Project. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  15. "Arisaema". Tennessee-Kentucky Plant Atlas. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  16. "Arisaema quinatum". Atlas of Florida Plants. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  17. Gusman, Guy; Gusman, Liliane (2006). The genus Arisaema: A monograph for botanists and nature lovers (2nd ed.). Ruggell: A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. pp. 1–474. ISBN 0881928399.
  18. Ward, Daniel B. (August 2012). "Keys to the flora of Florida - 31, Arisaema (Araceae)" (PDF). Phytologia. 94 (2): 151–158. Retrieved 7 February 2023.

Bibliography
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