Biqulzar

Biqulzar also spelled as Baqulzar or Bequl zar was a historical region located in eastern Ethiopia.[1][2][3] The state was positioned east of the Awash River.[4] Historian Hussein Ahmed, proposes it was a general term for districts east of Amhara region in the fourteenth century.[5]

Etymology

Biqulzar originates from the Harari language meaning “verdure along a stream.”[6]

History

According to fourteenth century Arab historian Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari, Biqulzar was one of Ifat's ancient metropolises or regions.[7][8][9][10][11][12]

In the fourteenth century, Ethiopian emperor Amda Seyon fought the Wargar or Warjih people in Biqulzar.[13][14][15] According to Salvatore Tsdeschi, in 1332 Amda Seyon had summoned his vassal ruler of Ifat, Jamal ad-Din I in Biqulzar however Manfred Kropp believes Amda Seyon met with a distinct ruler of Biqulzar.[16][17]

References
  1. Cerulli, Enrico. IL SULTANATO DELLO SCIOA NEL SECOLO XIII SECONDO UN NUOVO DOCUMENTO STORICO. Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino. p. 39.
  2. Gelgelo, Surafel. HISTORY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN (PDF). Ministry of Science and Higher education. p. 49.
  3. Feto, Jemal. A HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE ISLAMIZATION OF ARSI OROMO: WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON GADAB AREA, 1935-2000 (PDF). Haramaya University. p. 11.
  4. Tamrat, Taddesse. Review: The Chronicle of 'Amde-Siyon. Cambridge University Press. p. 513.
  5. Ahmed, Hussein. Islam in Nineteenth-Century Wallo, Ethiopia Revival, Reform and Reaction. Brill. p. 6.
  6. Gidaya. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
  7. TUFFA, TSEGAYE. THE DYNAMICS OF TULAMA OROMO IN THE HISTORY OF CONTINUITY AND CHANGE, CA. 1700-1880S (PDF). University of Toronto. p. 43.
  8. Braukamper, Ulrich. ISLAMIC PRINCIPALITIES IN SOUTHEAST ETHIOPIA BETWEEN THE THIRTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH CENTURIES (PART 1). Michigan State University Press. p. 23.
  9. Trimingham, J. Islam in Ethiopia. Taylor & Francis. p. 75.
  10. Fauvelle, François-Xavier. The Sultanate of Awfāt, its capital and the necropolis of the Walasmaʿ. Institut français d'archéologie orientale.
  11. Hirsch, Bertrand. The account of the wars of King ʿAmda Ṣeyon against the Islamic sultanates, epic fiction of the fifteenth century. Presses universitaires de Vincennes.
  12. Kwelgora. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
  13. Trimingham, J. Islam in Ethiopia. Taylor & Francis. p. 72.
  14. Tamrat, Taddesse. Church and state (PDF). University of London. p. 156.
  15. Pankhurst, Richard. Ethiopian borderlands. Red Sea Press. p. 41.
  16. TEDESCHI, SALVATORE. LE GESTA DI 'AMDA-ṢEYON NELLA CRONOLOGIA E NELLA STORIA. Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino. p. 144.
  17. Jamal Ad-din Mansur. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
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