Corruption Perceptions Index

The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index which ranks countries "by their perceived levels of public sector[1] corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys."[2] The CPI generally defines corruption as an "abuse of entrusted power for private gain".[3] The index is published annually by the non-governmental organisation Transparency International since 1995.[4]

Map showing countries and territories according to the Corruption Perception Index, 2022, in ascending order.
  Score higher than 89
  Score equal to or between 80 and 89
  Score equal to or between 70 and 79
  Score equal to or between 60 and 69
  Score equal to or between 50 and 59
  Score equal to or between 40 and 49
  Score equal to or between 30 and 39
  Score equal to or between 20 and 29
  Score equal to or between 10 and 19
  Score less than 10
  Data unavailable
Political corruption
Concepts
Corruption by country
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
Central America
South America
Oceania

The 2022 CPI, published in January 2023, currently ranks 180 countries "on a scale from 100 (very clean) to 0 (highly corrupt)" based on the situation between 1 May 2021 and 30 April 2022. Denmark, Finland, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, and Sweden are perceived as the least corrupt nations in the world, ranking consistently high among international financial transparency, while the most apparently corrupt are Somalia (scoring 12), Syria and South Sudan (both scoring 13).[5]

Methods

Transparency International commissioned the University of Passau's Johann Graf Lambsdorff to produce the CPI.[6] The 2012 CPI takes into account 16 different surveys and assessments from 12 different institutions.[7] The 13 surveys/assessments are either business people's opinion surveys or performance assessments from a group of analysts.[3] Early CPIs used public opinion surveys.[8] The institutions are:[9]

Countries need to be evaluated by at least three sources to appear in the CPI.[8] The CPI measures perception of corruption due to the difficulty of measuring absolute levels of corruption.[10]

Validity

A study published in 2002 found a "very strong significant correlation" between the Corruption Perceptions Index and two other proxies for corruption: black market activity and an overabundance of regulation.[11]

All three metrics also had a highly significant correlation with the real gross domestic product per capita (RGDP/Cap); the Corruption Perceptions Index correlation with RGDP/Cap was the strongest, explaining over three-quarters of the variance.[11] (Note that a lower rating on this scale reflects greater corruption so that countries with higher RGDPs generally had less corruption.)

Alex Cobham of the Center for Global Development reported in 2013 that "many of the staff and chapters" at Transparency International, the publisher of the Corruption Perceptions Index, "protest internally" over concerns about the index. The original creator of the index, Johann Graf Lambsdorff, withdrew from work on the index in 2009, stating "In 1995 I invented the Corruption Perceptions Index and have orchestrated it ever since, putting TI on the spotlight of international attention. In August 2009 I have informed Cobus de Swardt, managing director of TI, that I am no longer available for doing the Corruption Perceptions Index."[12]

Economic implications

Research papers published in 2007 and 2008 examined the economic consequences of corruption perception, as defined by the CPI. The researchers found a correlation between a higher CPI and higher long-term economic growth,[13] as well as an increase in GDP growth of 1.7% for every unit increase in a country's CPI score.[14] Also shown was a power-law dependence linking higher CPI score to higher rates of foreign investment in a country.

Rankings

Legend:

Scores Perceived as less corrupt Perceived as more corrupt
99–90 89–80 79–70 69–60 59–50 49–40 39-30 29–20 19–10 9–0

2020–2022

Corruption Perceptions Index table:[15]

# Nation or Territory 2022[5] 2021[16] 2020[17]
Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1]
1 Denmark
90
88
88
2 New Zealand
87
 1
88
88
2 Finland
87
 1
88
 2
85
4 Norway
84
85
 3
84
5 Singapore
83
 1
85
 1
85
 1
5 Sweden
83
 1
85
 1
85
 1
7 Switzerland
82
84
 4
85
 1
8 Netherlands
80
82
82
9 Germany
79
 1
80
 1
80
10 Luxembourg
77
 1
81
80
10 Ireland
77
 3
74
 7
72
 2
12 Hong Kong
76
76
 1
77
 5
13 Australia
75
 5
73
 7
77
 1
14 Iceland
74
 1
74
 4
75
 6
14 Estonia
74
 1
74
 4
75
 1
14 Uruguay
74
 4
73
 3
71
14 Canada
74
 1
74
 2
77
 1
18 Japan
73
73
 1
74
 1
18 United Kingdom
73
 7
78
77
 1
18 Belgium
73
73
 3
76
 2
21 France
72
 1
71
 1
69
22 Austria
71
 9
74
 2
76
 3
23 Seychelles
70
70
 4
66
24 United States of America
69
 3
67
 2
67
 2
25 Taiwan
68
68
 3
65
25 Bhutan
68
68
 1
68
 1
27 Chile
67
67
 2
67
 1
27 United Arab Emirates
67
 3
69
 3
71
29 Barbados
65
65
64
 1
30 Bahamas
64
64
63
 1
31 Israel
63
 5
59
 1
60
31 South Korea
63
 1
62
 1
61
 6
33 Portugal
62
 1
62
 1
61
 3
33 Lithuania
62
 1
61
 1
60
35 Spain
60
 1
61
 2
62
 2
35 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
60
 1
59
 4
59
 1
35 Botswana
60
 10
55
 10
60
 1
35 Cape Verde
60
 4
58
 2
58
— Brunei Darussalam — —
60
39 Latvia
59
 3
59
 6
57
 2
40 Qatar
58
 9
63
 1
63
41 Georgia
56
 4
55
56
 1
41 Slovenia
56
57
 6
60
41 Italy
56
 1
56
 10
53
 1
41 Czechia
56
 8
54
54
 5
45 Dominica
55
55
 3
55
45 Saint Lucia
55
 3
56
 3
56
 3
45 Poland
55
 3
56
 3
56
 4
48 Costa Rica
54
 9
58
 3
57
 2
49 Fiji
53
 4
55
 10 —
49 Slovakia
53
 7
52
 4
49
 1
51 Cyprus
52
 1
53
 10
57
 1
51 Greece
52
 7
49
 1
50
 1
51 Grenada
52
 1
53
53
 1
54 Malta
51
 5
54
 3
53
 2
54 Rwanda
51
 2
53
 3
54
 2
54 Saudi Arabia
51
 2
53
53
 1
57 Mauritius
50
 8
54
 3
53
 4
57 Croatia
50
 6
47
47
59 Namibia
49
 1
49
 1
51
 1
60 Vanuatu
48
 6
45
 9
43
 11
61 Jordan
47
 3
49
 2
49
61 Malaysia
47
 1
48
 5
51
 6
63 Armenia
46
 5
49
 2
49
 17
63 Romania
46
 3
45
 3
44
 1
65 Cuba
45
 1
46
 1
47
 3
65 China
45
 1
45
 12
42
 2
65 São Tomé and Príncipe
45
 1
45
 3
47
 1
65 Montenegro
45
 1
46
 3
45
 1
69 Oman
44
 13
52
 7
54
 7
69 Jamaica
44
 1
44
 1
44
 5
69 Bahrain
44
 9
42
42
 1
72 South Africa
43
 2
44
 1
44
 1
72 Ghana
43
 1
43
 2
43
 5
72 Senegal
43
 1
43
 6
45
 1
72 Benin
43
 6
42
 5
41
 3
72 Bulgaria
43
 6
42
 9
44
 5
77 Hungary
42
 4
43
 4
44
 1
77 Trinidad and Tobago
42
 5
41
 4
40
 1
77 Burkina Faso
42
 1
42
 8
40
 1
77 Solomon Islands
42
 4
43
 5
42
 1
77 Kuwait
42
 4
43
 5
42
 7
77 Timor-Leste
42
 5
41
 4
40
 7
77 Vietnam
42
 10
39
 17
36
 8
84 Kosovo
41
 3
39
 17
36
 3
85 Guyana
40
 2
39
 4
41
 2
85 Suriname
40
 2
39
 7
38
 24
85 Maldives
40
40
 10
43
 55
85 North Macedonia
40
 2
39
 24
35
 5
85 Tunisia
40
 15
44
 1
44
 5
85 India
40
40
 1
40
 6
91 Moldova
39
 14
36
 10
34
 5
91 Belarus
39
 9
41
 19
47
 3
91 Colombia
39
 4
39
 5
39
 4
94 Morocco
38
 7
39
 1
40
 6
94 Ethiopia
38
 7
39
 7
38
 2
94 Argentina
38
 2
38
 18
42
 12
94 Tanzania
38
 7
39
 7
38
 2
94 Brazil
38
 2
38
 2
38
 12
99 Lesotho
37
 3
38
 13
41
 2
99 Ivory Coast
37
 6
36
 1
36
 2
101 Thailand
36
 9
35
 6
36
 3
101 Albania
36
 9
35
 6
36
 2
101 Serbia
36
 5
38
 2
38
 3
101 Turkey
36
 5
38
 10
40
 5
101 Panama
36
 4
36
 6
35
 10
101 Sri Lanka
36
 1
37
 8
38
 1
101 Kazakhstan
36
 1
37
 8
38
 19
101 Ecuador
36
 4
36
 13
39
 1
101 Peru
36
 4
36
 11
38
 7
110 Sierra Leone
34
 5
34
 2
33
 2
110   Nepal
34
 7
33
33
 4
110 Malawi
34
35
 19
30
 6
110 Bosnia and Herzegovina
34
35
 1
35
 10
110 Indonesia
34
 14
38
 6
37
 17
110 Gambia
34
 8
37
37
 6
116 Zambia
33
 1
33
33
 4
116 Philippines
33
 1
33
 2
34
 2
116 Mongolia
33
 6
35
 1
35
 5
116 El Salvador
33
 1
34
 11
36
 9
116 Ukraine
33
 6
32
 5
33
 9
116 Algeria
33
 1
33
 13
36
 2
116 Angola
33
 20
29
 6
27
 4
123 Niger
32
 1
31
 1
32
 3
123 Kenya
32
 5
30
 4
31
 13
123 Dominican Republic
32
 5
30
 9
28
126 Uzbekistan
31
 14
28
 6
26
 7
126 Bolivia
31
 2
30
 4
31
 1
126 Mexico
31
 2
31
31
 6
126 Laos
31
 2
30
 6
29
 4
130 Papua New Guinea
30
 6
31
 18
27
 5
130 Togo
30
 2
30
 6
29
 4
130 Egypt
30
 13
33
33
 11
130 Eswatini
30
 8
32
 5
33
 4
130 Mauritania
30
 10
28
 6
29
 3
130 Djibouti
30
 2
30
 14
27
 16
136 Gabon
29
 12
31
 5
30
 6
137 Mali
28
 1
29
 7
30
 1
137 Russia
28
 1
29
 7
30
 8
137 Paraguay
28
 9
30
 9
28
140 Pakistan
27
28
 16
31
 4
140 Kyrgyzstan
27
 4
27
 20
31
 2
142 Uganda
26
 2
27
 2
27
 5
142 Mozambique
26
 5
26
 2
25
 3
142 Cameroon
26
 2
27
 5
25
 4
142 Liberia
26
 6
29
 1
28
142 Madagascar
26
 5
26
 2
25
 9
147 Guinea
25
 3
25
 13
28
 7
147 Bangladesh
25
26
 1
26
147 Iran
25
 3
25
 1
25
 3
150 Nigeria
24
 4
24
 5
25
 3
150 Central African Republic
24
 4
24
 8
26
 7
150 Afghanistan
24
 24
16
 9
19
 8
150 Cambodia
24
 7
23
 3
21
 2
150 Lebanon
24
 4
24
 5
25
 12
150 Guatemala
24
25
 1
25
 3
150 Tajikistan
24
25
 1
25
 4
157 Zimbabwe
23
23
24
 1
157 Azerbaijan
23
 29
30
 1
30
 3
157 Myanmar
23
 17
28
 3
28
 7
157 Honduras
23
23
24
 11
157 Iraq
23
23
 3
21
 2
162 Eritrea
22
 1
22
 1
21
162 Sudan
22
 2
20
 10
16
 1
164 Congo
21
 2
21
 3
19
164 Guinea-Bissau
21
 2
21
 3
19
 3
166 Democratic Republic of the Congo
20
 3
19
 1
18
 2
167 Turkmenistan
19
 2
19
 4
19
167 Nicaragua
19
 3
20
 5
22
 2
167 Comoros
19
 3
20
 4
21
 7
167 Chad
19
 3
20
 4
21
 2
171 Libya
17
 1
17
 1
17
 5
171 Haiti
17
 7
20
 6
18
 2
171 North Korea
17
 3
16
 4
18
 2
171 Equatorial Guinea
17
 1
17
 2
16
 1
171 Burundi
17
 2
19
 4
19
176 Yemen
16
 2
16
 2
15
 1
177 Venezuela
14
14
 1
15
 3
178 Syria
13
13
14
178 South Sudan
13
 2
11
 1
12
180 Somalia
12
 2
13
 1
12
 1

2010–2019

Corruption Perceptions Index table:[15]

# Nation or Territory 2019[18] 2018[19] 2017[20] 2016[21] 2015[22] 2014[23] 2013[24] 2012[25] 2011[26] 2010[27]
Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1]
1 New Zealand
87
87
 2
89
 1
90
 1
91
91
91
 1
90
1 Denmark
87
 1
88
88
 2
90
 1
91
 1
92
 1
91
 1
90
3 Finland
86
 1
85
85
 4
89
 1
90
 1
89
89
 1
90
4 Sweden
85
85
 1
84
 4
88
 1
89
 2
87
 2
89
 1
88
4 Singapore
85
85
 1
84
84
 1
85
 1
84
 2
86
 1
87
4 Switzerland
85
85
85
 1
86
86
86
 1
85
 1
86
7 Norway
84
84
 1
85
85
 2
87
 1
86
86
 1
85
8 Netherlands
82
82
82
 1
83
 4
87
 4
83
83
 1
84
9 Germany
80
80
 1
81
81
81
 2
79
 1
78
 1
79
9 Luxembourg
80
 1
81
 1
82
 1
81
81
 1
82
 2
80
80
11 Iceland
78
 2
76
 1
77
 1
78
 1
79
79
 1
78
 4
82
12 United Kingdom
77
 3
80
 2
82
 1
81
81
 3
78
 2
76
 2
74
12 Canada
77
 4
81
 1
82
82
 1
83
 2
81
81
 3
84
12 Austria
77
 1
76
 1
75
75
 1
76
 4
72
 3
69
69
12 Australia
77
77
77
 2
79
79
 1
80
 1
81
 4
85
16 Hong Kong
76
76
 1
77
77
 2
75
 1
74
 1
75
 2
77
17 Belgium
75
75
75
 2
77
77
 1
76
 1
75
75
18 Estonia
74
 1
73
 2
71
 1
70
70
 1
69
 1
68
 4
64
18 Ireland
74
 1
73
 1
74
 1
73
 2
75
 1
74
 2
72
 3
69
20 Japan
73
73
73
 1
72
 3
75
 1
76
 2
74
74
21 United Arab Emirates
71
 1
70
 1
71
 5
66
 4
70
70
 1
69
 1
68
21 Uruguay
71
 1
70
70
 1
71
 3
74
 1
73
73
 1
72
23 United States of America
69
 2
71
 4
75
 1
74
 2
76
 2
74
 1
73
73
23 France
69
 3
72
 2
70
 1
69
 1
70
 1
69
 2
71
71
25 Bhutan
68
68
 1
67
 2
65
65
65
 2
63
63
26 Chile
67
67
67
 1
66
 4
70
 3
73
 2
71
 1
72
27 Seychelles
66
66
 6
60
 5
55
55
 1
54
 2
52
28 Taiwan
65
 2
63
63
 2
61
 1
62
 1
61
61
61
29 Bahamas
64
 1
65
65
 1
66
71
71
71
30 Barbados
62
 6
68
68
 7
61
74
 1
75
 1
76
30 Portugal
62
 2
64
 1
63
 1
62
 1
63
63
 1
62
 1
63
30 Spain
62
 4
58
 1
57
 1
58
58
 2
60
 1
59
 6
65
30 Qatar
62
62
 1
63
 2
61
 10
71
 2
69
 1
68
68
34 Botswana
61
61
61
 1
60
 3
63
63
 1
64
 1
65
35 Brunei Darussalam
60
 3
63
 1
62
 4
58
60
 5
55
35 Lithuania
60
 1
59
59
59
 2
61
 3
58
 1
57
 3
54
35 Israel
60
 1
61
 1
62
 2
64
 3
61
 1
60
 1
61
 1
60
35 Slovenia
60
60
 1
61
61
 1
60
 2
58
 1
57
 4
61
39 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
59
 1
58
58
 2
60
67
 5
62
62
39 South Korea
59
 2
57
 3
54
 1
53
 3
56
 1
55
55
 1
56
41 Cape Verde
58
 1
57
 2
55
 4
59
 4
55
 2
57
 1
58
 2
60
41 Poland
58
 2
60
60
 2
62
62
 1
61
 1
60
 2
58
41 Cyprus
58
 1
59
 2
57
 2
55
 6
61
 2
63
63
 3
66
44 Costa Rica
56
56
 3
59
 1
58
 3
55
 1
54
 1
53
 1
54
44 Georgia
56
 2
58
 2
56
 1
57
 5
52
52
 3
49
 3
52
44 Latvia
56
 2
58
58
 1
57
 2
55
55
 2
53
 4
49
44 Czech Republic
56
 3
59
 2
57
 2
55
 1
56
 5
51
 3
48
 1
49
48 Saint Lucia
55
55
55
 5
60
71
71
48 Dominica
55
 2
57
57
 2
59
58
58
58
50 Malta
54
54
 2
56
 1
55
 1
56
 1
55
 1
56
 1
57
51 Malaysia
53
 6
47
47
 2
49
 1
50
 2
52
 2
50
 1
49
51 Grenada
53
 1
52
52
 4
56
51 Rwanda
53
 3
56
 1
55
 1
54
54
 5
49
 4
53
53
51 Saudi Arabia
53
 4
49
49
 3
46
 6
52
 3
49
 3
46
 2
44
51 Italy
53
 1
52
 2
50
 3
47
 3
44
 1
43
43
 1
42
56 Oman
52
52
 8
44
 1
45
45
45
 2
47
47
56 Namibia
52
 1
53
 2
51
 1
52
 1
53
 4
49
 1
48
48
56 Mauritius
52
 1
51
 1
50
 4
54
 1
53
 1
54
 2
52
 5
57
59 Slovakia
50
50
50
 1
51
51
 1
50
 3
47
 1
46
60 Jordan
48
 1
49
 1
48
48
 5
53
 4
49
 4
45
 3
48
60 Greece
48
 3
45
 3
48
 4
44
 2
46
 3
43
 3
40
 4
36
60 Cuba
48
 1
47
47
47
47
 1
46
46
 2
48
63 Croatia
47
 1
48
 1
49
49
 2
51
 3
48
48
 2
46
64 São Tomé and Príncipe
46
46
46
46
 4
42
42
42
42
64 Vanuatu
46
46
 3
43
66 Argentina
45
 5
40
 1
39
 3
36
 4
32
 2
34
34
 1
35
66 Montenegro
45
45
 1
46
 1
45
 1
44
 2
42
 2
44
 3
41
66 Senegal
45
45
45
45
 1
44
 1
43
 2
41
 5
36
66 Belarus
45
 1
44
44
 4
40
 8
32
 1
31
 2
29
 2
31
70 Hungary
44
 2
46
 1
45
 3
48
 3
51
 3
54
54
 1
55
70 South Africa
44
 1
43
43
 2
45
 1
44
44
 2
42
 1
43
70 Romania
44
 3
47
 1
48
48
 2
46
 3
43
43
 1
44
 8
70 Suriname
44
 1
43
 2
41
 4
45
 9
36
36
36
 1
37
74 Jamaica
43
 1
44
44
 5
39
 2
41
 3
38
38
38
74 Tunisia
43
43
 1
42
 1
41
 3
38
 2
40
 1
41
41
74 Bulgaria
43
 1
42
 1
43
 2
41
41
 2
43
 2
41
41
77 Bahrain
42
 6
36
36
 7
43
 8
51
 2
49
 1
48
 3
51
77 Solomon Islands
42
 2
44
 5
39
 3
42
77 Armenia
42
 7
35
35
 2
33
 2
35
 2
37
 1
36
 2
34
80 Ghana
41
41
 1
40
 3
43
 4
47
 1
48
 2
46
 1
45
80 Morocco
41
 2
43
 3
40
 3
37
 1
36
 3
39
 2
37
37
80 India
41
41
 1
40
40
 2
38
38
 2
36
36
80 China
41
 2
39
 2
41
 1
40
 3
37
 1
36
 4
40
 1
39
80 Benin
41
 1
40
 1
39
 3
36
 1
37
 2
39
 3
36
36
85 Guyana
40
 3
37
 1
38
 4
34
 5
29
 1
30
 3
27
 1
28
85 Trinidad and Tobago
40
 1
41
41
 6
35
 4
39
 1
38
38
 1
39
85 Indonesia
40
 2
38
 1
37
37
 1
36
 2
34
 2
32
32
85 Burkina Faso
40
 1
41
 1
42
42
 4
38
38
38
38
85 Lesotho
40
 1
41
 1
42
 3
39
 5
44
 5
49
49
 4
45
85 Kuwait
40
 1
41
 2
39
 2
41
 8
49
 5
44
 1
43
 1
44
91 Serbia
39
39
 2
41
 1
42
 2
40
 1
41
 1
42
 3
39
91 Turkey
39
 2
41
 1
40
 1
41
 1
42
 3
45
 5
50
 1
49
93 Sri Lanka
38
38
38
 2
36
 1
37
 1
38
 1
37
 3
40
93 Ecuador
38
 4
34
 2
32
 1
31
 1
32
 1
33
 2
35
 3
32
93 Timor-Leste
38
 3
35
 3
38
 3
35
 7
28
28
 2
30
 3
33
96 Ethiopia
37
 3
34
 1
35
 1
34
 1
33
33
33
33
96 Vietnam
37
 4
33
 2
35
 2
33
 2
31
31
31
31
96 Gambia
37
37
 7
30
 4
26
 2
28
 1
29
 1
28
 6
34
96 Colombia
37
 1
36
 1
37
37
37
37
 1
36
36
96 Tanzania
37
36
36
 4
32
 2
30
 1
31
 2
33
 2
35
101 Kosovo
36
 1
37
 2
39
 3
36
 3
33
33
33
 1
34
101 Thailand
36
36
 1
37
 2
35
 3
38
38
 3
35
 2
37
101 Peru
36
 1
35
 2
37
 2
35
 1
36
 2
38
38
38
101 Panama
36
 1
37
37
 1
38
 1
39
 2
37
 2
35
 3
38
101 Bosnia and Herzegovina
36
 2
38
38
 1
39
 1
38
 1
39
 3
42
42
106 Brazil
35
35
 2
37
 3
40
 2
38
 5
43
 1
42
 1
43
106 Mongolia
35
 2
37
 1
36
 2
38
 1
39
39
 1
38
 2
36
106 Albania
35
 1
36
 2
38
 1
39
 3
36
 3
33
 2
31
 2
33
106 Egypt
35
35
 3
32
 2
34
 2
36
 1
37
 5
32
32
106 Algeria
35
35
 2
33
 1
34
 2
36
36
36
 2
34
106 Ivory Coast
35
35
 1
36
 2
34
 2
32
32
 5
27
 2
29
106 North Macedonia
35
 2
37
 2
35
 2
37
 5
42
 3
45
 1
44
 1
43
113 Kazakhstan
34
 3
31
31
 2
29
 1
28
 1
29
 3
26
 2
28
113   Nepal
34
 3
31
31
 2
29
 2
27
 2
29
 2
31
 4
27
113 Philippines
34
 2
36
 2
34
 1
35
35
 3
38
 2
36
 2
34
113 Zambia
34
 1
35
 2
37
 1
38
38
38
38
 1
37
113 Eswatini
34
 4
38
 1
39
 4
43
 4
39
 2
37
113 El Salvador
34
 1
35
 2
33
 3
36
 3
39
39
 1
38
38
119 Sierra Leone
33
 3
30
30
30
 1
29
 2
31
 1
30
 1
31
120 Moldova
32
 1
33
 2
31
 1
30
 3
33
 2
35
35
 1
36
120 Niger
32
 2
34
 1
33
 2
35
 1
34
 1
35
 1
34
 1
33
120 Pakistan
32
 1
33
 1
32
32
 2
30
 1
29
 1
28
 1
27
123 Malawi
31
 1
32
 1
31
31
31
 2
33
 4
37
37
123 Bolivia
31
 2
29
 4
33
33
 1
34
 1
35
 1
34
34
123 Gabon
31
31
 1
32
 3
35
 1
34
 3
37
 3
34
 1
35
126 Djibouti
30
 1
31
31
 1
30
 4
34
34
 2
36
36
126 Kyrgyzstan
30
 1
29
29
 1
28
28
 1
27
 3
24
24
126 Azerbaijan
30
 5
25
 6
31
 1
30
 1
29
29
 1
28
 1
27
126 Ukraine
30
 2
32
 2
30
 1
29
 2
27
 1
26
 1
25
 1
26
130 Laos
29
29
29
 1
30
 5
25
25
 1
26
 5
21
130 Guinea
29
 1
28
 1
27
27
 2
25
25
 1
24
24
130 Myanmar
29
29
 1
30
 2
28
 6
22
 1
21
21
 6
15
130 Mexico
29
 1
28
 1
29
 1
30
 5
35
35
 1
34
34
130 Maldives
29
 2
31
 2
33
 3
36
130 Mali
29
 3
32
 1
31
 1
32
 3
35
 3
32
 4
28
 6
34
130 Togo
29
 1
30
 2
32
32
32
 3
29
29
 1
30
137 Russia
28
28
 1
29
29
29
 2
27
 1
28
28
137 Papua New Guinea
28
28
 1
29
 1
28
 3
25
25
25
25
137 Mauritania
28
 1
27
 1
28
 1
27
 4
31
 1
30
30
 1
31
137 Liberia
28
 4
32
 1
31
 6
37
37
37
 1
38
 3
41
137 Lebanon
28
28
28
28
28
 1
27
 1
28
 2
30
137 Kenya
28
 1
27
 1
28
 2
26
 1
25
25
 2
27
27
137 Uganda
28
 2
26
26
 1
25
25
 1
26
26
3
29
137 Paraguay
28
 1
29
29
 1
30
 3
27
 3
24
24
 1
25
137 Dominican Republic
28
 2
30
 1
29
 2
31
 2
33
 1
32
 3
29
 3
32
146 Nigeria
26
 1
27
27
 1
28
 2
26
 1
27
 2
25
 2
27
146 Mozambique
26
 3
23
 2
25
 2
27
 4
31
31
 1
30
 1
31
146 Guatemala
26
 1
27
 1
28
28
28
 4
32
 3
29
 4
33
146 Iran
26
 2
28
 2
30
 1
29
 2
27
27
 2
25
 3
28
146 Angola
26
 7
19
19
 1
18
 3
15
 4
19
 4
23
 1
22
146 Bangladesh
26
26
 2
28
 2
26
 1
25
25
 2
27
 1
26
146 Honduras
26
 3
29
29
 1
30
 1
31
 2
29
 3
26
 2
28
153 Cameroon
25
25
25
 1
26
 1
27
27
 2
25
 1
26
153 Central African Republic
25
 1
26
 3
23
 3
20
 4
24
24
 1
25
 1
26
153 Uzbekistan
25
 2
23
 1
22
 1
21
 2
19
 1
18
 1
17
17
153 Tajikistan
25
25
 4
21
 4
25
 1
26
 3
23
 1
22
22
153 Comoros
25
 2
27
27
 3
24
 2
26
26
 2
28
28
158 Zimbabwe
24
 2
22
22
22
 1
21
21
21
 1
20
158 Madagascar
24
 1
25
 1
24
 2
26
 2
28
28
28
 4
32
160 Eritrea
23
 1
24
 4
20
 2
18
18
18
 2
20
 5
25
161 Nicaragua
22
 3
25
 1
26
26
 1
27
 1
28
28
 1
29
162 Chad
20
 1
19
 1
20
20
 2
22
22
 3
19
19
162 Cambodia
20
20
 1
21
21
21
21
 1
20
 2
22
162 Iraq
20
 2
18
18
 1
17
 1
16
16
16
 2
18
165 Turkmenistan
19
 1
20
 1
19
 3
22
 4
18
 1
17
17
17
165 Republic of the Congo
19
19
 2
21
 1
20
 3
23
23
 1
22
 4
26
165 Burundi
19
 2
17
 5
22
 2
20
 1
21
 1
20
 1
21
 2
19
168 Haiti
18
 2
20
 2
22
 2
20
 3
17
 2
19
19
19
168 Democratic Republic of the Congo
18
 1
19
 2
21
21
 1
22
22
22
 1
21
168 Libya
18
 1
17
17
 3
14
 2
16
 2
18
 3
15
 6
21
168 Guinea-Bissau
18
 9
28
 1
27
 11
16
 1
17
 2
19
19
 6
25
172 North Korea
17
 3
14
 3
17
 9
8
8
8
8
8
173 Sudan
16
16
16
 2
14
 2
12
 1
11
11
 2
13
173 Afghanistan
16
16
 1
15
15
 4
11
 1
12
 4
8
8
173 Equatorial Guinea
16
16
 1
17
 2
19
 1
20
173 Venezuela
16
 2
18
18
 1
17
17
 2
19
 1
20
 1
19
177 Yemen
15
 1
14
 2
16
 2
14
 4
18
 1
19
 1
18
 5
23
178 Syria
13
13
 1
14
 1
13
 5
18
 2
20
 3
17
 9
26
179 South Sudan
12
 1
13
 1
12
 1
11
 4
15
15
 1
14
180 Somalia
9
 1
10
 1
9
 1
10
 2
8
8
8
8

2000–2009

Corruption Perceptions Index table:[15]

# Nation or Territory 2009[28] 2008[29] 2007[30] 2006[31] 2005[32] 2004[33] 2003[34] 2002[35] 2001[36] 2000[37]
Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1]
1 New Zealand 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.6 1 9.6 9.6 1 9.5 1 9.5 1 9.4 9.4
2 Denmark 9.3 1 9.3 9.4 3 9.5 9.5 1 9.5 9.5 1 9.5 9.5 9.8 1
3 Singapore 9.2 1 9.2 9.3 1 9.4 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.3 1 9.2 2 9.1 1
3 Sweden 9.2 2 9.3 3 9.3 2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.3 1 9.3 1 9 3 9.4
5 Switzerland 9 9 2 9 9.1 9.1 9.1 1 8.8 4 8.5 8.4 1 8.6 2
6 Finland 8.9 1 9 4 9.4 9.6 1 9.6 1 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.9 10 1
6 Netherlands 8.9 1 8.9 9 2 8.7 2 8.6 1 8.7 3 8.9 9 1 8.8 1 8.9 1
8 Canada 8.7 1 8.7 8.7 5 8.5 8.4 2 8.5 1 8.7 4 9 8.9 2 9.2
8 Iceland 8.7 1 8.9 1 9.2 5 9.6 9.7 2 9.5 1 9.6 2 9.4 9.2 2 9.1 1
8 Australia 8.7 1 8.7 2 8.6 2 8.7 8.8 8.8 1 8.8 3 8.6 8.5 2 8.3 1
11 Norway 8.6 3 7.9 5 8.7 1 8.8 8.9 8.9 8.8 4 8.5 2 8.6 4 9.1 3
12 Luxembourg 8.2 1 8.3 1 8.4 1 8.6 2 8.5 8.4 2 8.7 4 9 2 8.7 2 8.6
12 Hong Kong 8.2 8.1 2 8.3 1 8.3 8.3 1 8 2 8 8.2 7.9 1 7.7
14 Ireland 8 2 7.7 1 7.5 1 7.4 1 7.4 2 7.5 1 7.5 5 6.9 5 7.5 1 7.2 4
14 Germany 8 7.9 2 7.8 8 8.2 1 8.2 1 7.7 2 7.3 2 7.4 3 7.6 3
16 Austria 7.9 4 8.1 3 8.1 4 8.6 1 8.7 3 8.4 1 8 1 7.8 7.8 7.7 2
17 United Kingdom 7.7 1 7.7 4 8.4 1 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.7 1 8.7 3 8.3 3 8.7 3
17 Japan 7.7 1 7.3 1 7.5 7.6 4 7.3 3 6.9 3 7 1 7.1 1 7.1 2 6.4 2
19 USA 7.5 1 7.3 2 7.2 7.3 3 7.6 7.5 1 7.5 2 7.7 7.6 2 7.8 4
20 Barbados 7.4 2 7 1 6.9 1 6.7 6.9 3 7.3— — — — —
21 Belgium 7.1 3 7.3 3 7.1 1 7.3 1 7.4 2 7.5 7.6 3 7.1 4 6.6 1 6.1 4
22 Qatar 7 6 6.5 4 6 6 5.9 6 5.2 6 5.6— — — —
22 Saint Lucia 7 1 7.1 3 6.8— — — — — — — —
24 France 6.9 1 6.9 4 7.3 1 7.4 7.5 4 7.1 1 6.9 2 6.3 2 6.7 2 6.7 1
25 Chile 6.7 2 6.9 1 7 2 7.3 1 7.3 1 7.4 7.4 3 7.5 1 7.5 7.4 1
25 Uruguay 6.7 2 6.9 2 6.7 3 6.4 4 5.9 4 6.2 5 5.5 1 5.1 3 5.1 6 —
27 Slovenia 6.6 1 6.7 1 6.6 1 6.4 3 6.1 6 2 5.9 2 6 7 5.2 6 5.5 3
27 Estonia 6.6 6.6 1 6.5 4 6.7 3 6.4 4 6 2 5.5 4 5.6 1 5.6 1 5.7
27 Cyprus 6.6 4 6.4 8 5.3 2 5.6 5.7 1 5.4 9 6.1— — — —
30 United Arab Emirates 6.5 5 5.9 1 5.7 3 6.2 1 6.2 1 6.1 8 5.2— — — —
31 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6.4 3 6.5 2 6.1— — — — — — — —
32 Israel 6.1 1 6 3 6.1 4 5.9 6 6.3 2 6.4 5 7 3 7.3 2 7.6 6 6.6 2
32 Spain 6.1 4 6.5 3 6.7 2 6.8 7 1 7.1 1 6.9 3 7.1 2 7 2 7 2
34 Dominica 5.9 1 6 4 5.6 16 4.5— — — — — — —
35 Portugal 5.8 3 6.1 4 6.5 2 6.6 6.5 1 6.3 2 6.6 6.3 6.3 2 6.4 2
35 Puerto Rico 5.8 1 5.8— — — — — — — — —
37 Botswana 5.6 1 5.8 2 5.4 1 5.6 5 5.9 1 6 1 5.7 6 6.4 2 6 6 2
37 Taiwan 5.6 2 5.7 5 5.7 5.9 2 5.9 3 5.6 5 5.7 1 5.6 2 5.9 1 5.5
39 Oman 5.5 2 5.5 12 4.7 14 5.4 11 6.3 1 6.1 3 6.3— — — —
39 Brunei Darussalam 5.5— — — — — — — — — —
39 South Korea 5.5 1 5.6 3 5.1 1 5.1 2 5 7 4.5 3 4.3 10 4.5 2 4.2 6 4 2
42 Mauritius 5.4 1 5.5 12 4.7 11 5.1 9 4.2 3 4.1 6 4.4 8 4.5 4.5 3 4.7 1
43 Costa Rica 5.3 4 5.1 1 5 9 4.1 4 4.2 10 4.9 9 4.3 10 4.5 4.5 10 5.4 2
43 Macao 5.3 5.4 9 5.7 8 6.6— — — — — — —
45 Malta 5.2 9 5.8 3 5.8 5 6.4 3 6.6 6.8— — — — —
46 Bahrain 5.1 3 5.4 3 5 10 5.7 5.8 2 5.8 7 6.1— — — —
46 Cape Verde 5.1 1 5.1 2 4.9— — — — — — — —
46 Hungary 5.1 1 5.1 8 5.3 2 5.2 1 5 2 4.8 2 4.8 7 4.9 2 5.3 —
49 Jordan 5 2 5.1 6 4.7 13 5.3 3 5.7 5.3 6 4.6 3 4.5 3 4.9 2 4.6 2
49 Poland 5 9 4.6 3 4.2 3.7 9 3.4 3 3.5 3 3.6 19 4 1 4.1 1 4.1 1
49 Bhutan 5 4 5.2 1 5 14 6— — — — — — —
52 Lithuania 4.9 6 4.6 7 4.8 5 4.8 2 4.8 4.6 3 4.7 5 4.8 2 4.8 5 4.1 7
52 Czech Republic 4.9 7 5.2 4 5.2 5 4.8 1 4.3 4 4.2 3 3.9 2 3.7 5 3.9 5 4.3 3
54 Seychelles 4.8 1 4.8 2 4.5 6 3.6 8 4 7 4.4— — — — —
55 South Africa 4.7 1 4.9 11 5.1 8 4.6 5 4.5 2 4.6 4 4.4 12 4.8 2 4.8 4 5
56 Namibia 4.5 5 4.5 4 4.5 2 4.1 8 4.3 7 4.1 13 4.7 13 5.7 2 5.4 5.4 1
56 Samoa 4.5 6 4.4 5 4.5— — — — — — — —
56 Slovakia 4.5 4 5 3 4.9 4.7 2 4.3 10 4 2 3.7 7 3.7 1 3.7 1 3.5 1
56 Latvia 4.5 4 5 1 4.8 2 4.7 2 4.2 6 4 3.8 5 3.7 7 3.4 2 3.4 1
56 Malaysia 4.5 9 5.1 4 5.1 1 5 5 5.1 5 2 5.2 4 4.9 3 5 4.8 4
61 Turkey 4.4 3 4.6 6 4.1 4 3.8 5 3.5 12 3.2 3.1 13 3.2 10 3.6 4 3.8 4
61 Cuba 4.4 4 4.3 4 4.2 5 3.5 7 3.8 3 3.7 19 4.6— — — —
63 Saudi Arabia 4.3 17 3.5 1 3.4 9 3.3 3.4 1 3.4 25 4.5— — — —
63 Italy 4.3 8 4.8 14 5.2 4 4.9 5 5 2 4.8 7 5.3 4 5.2 2 5.5 10 4.6 1
65 Tunisia 4.2 3 4.4 1 4.2 10 4.6 8 4.9 4 5 4.9 3 4.8 5 5.3 1 5.2 2
66 Georgia 4.1 1 3.9 12 3.4 20 2.8 31 2.3 3 2 9 1.8 39 2.4 1 — —
66 Kuwait 4.1 1 4.3 5 4.3 14 4.8 1 4.7 1 4.6 9 5.3— — — —
66 Croatia 4.1 4 4.4 2 4.1 5 3.4 1 3.4 3 3.5 8 3.7 8 3.8 4 3.9 4 3.7 23
— Fiji — — — — 455 — — — — —
69 Ghana 3.9 2 3.9 2 3.7 1 3.3 5 3.5 1 3.6 6 3.3 20 3.9 9 3.4 7 3.5 11
69 Montenegro 3.9 16 3.4 1 3.3— — — — — — — —
71 Bulgaria 3.8 1 3.6 8 4.1 7 4 2 4 1 4.1 3.9 9 4 2 3.9 5 3.5 11
71 Greece 3.8 14 4.7 1 4.6 2 4.4 7 4.3 2 4.3 1 4.3 6 4.2 2 4.2 7 4.9 1
71 Romania 3.8 1 3.8 1 3.7 15 3.1 1 3 2 2.9 4 2.8 6 2.6 8 2.8 1 2.9 5
71 FYR Macedonia 3.8 1 3.6 12 3.3 21 2.7 2 2.7 6 2.7 9 2.3 43 — — —
75 Colombia 3.7 5 3.8 2 3.8 9 3.9 4 4 5 3.8 1 3.7 2 3.6 7 3.8 10 3.2 12
75 Peru 3.7 3 3.6 3.5 2 3.3 5 3.5 2 3.5 8 3.7 14 4 1 4.1 3 4.4 1
75 Suriname 3.7 3 3.6 3.5 18 3 12 3.2 29 4.3— — — — —
75 Brazil 3.7 5 3.5 8 3.5 2 3.3 8 3.7 3 3.9 5 3.9 9 4 1 4 3 3.9 4
79 Swaziland 3.6 7 3.6 12 3.3 37 2.5 18 2.7— — — — — —
79 Trinidad and Tobago 3.6 7 3.6 7 3.4 3.2 20 3.8 8 4.2 8 4.6 10 4.9 2 5.3— —
79 China 3.6 7 3.6 3.5 2 3.3 8 3.2 7 3.4 5 3.4 7 3.5 2 3.5 6 3.1 5
79 Burkina Faso 3.6 1 3.5 25 2.9 26 3.2 9 3.4 5 — — — — 3—
83 Serbia 3.5 2 3.4 6 3.4 11 3— — — — — — —
84 El Salvador 3.4 17 3.9 4 10 4 6 4.2 4.2 8 3.7 3 3.4 8 3.6 11 4.1 6
84 India 3.4 1 3.4 13 3.5 2 3.3 18 2.9 2 2.8 7 2.8 12 2.7 2.7 2 2.8 3
84 Panama 3.4 1 3.4 9 3.2 10 3.1 19 3.5 3 3.7 4 3.4 1 3 16 3.7— —
84 Thailand 3.4 4 3.5 4 3.3 21 3.6 4 3.8 5 3.6 6 3.3 6 3.2 3 3.2 1 3.2 8
84 Guatemala 3.4 12 3.1 15 2.8 2.6 6 2.5 5 2.2 22 2.4 19 2.5 16 2.9 3 —
— Grenada — — 3.4 13 3.566 — — — — — —
89 Malawi 3.3 26 2.8 3 2.7 13 2.7 8 2.8 7 2.8 7 2.8 15 2.9 7 3.2 18 4.1 2
89 Lesotho 3.3 3 3.2 8 3.3 5 3.2 9 3.4— — — — — —
89 Moldova 3.3 20 2.9 2 2.8 32 3.2 9 2.9 26 2.3 14 2.4 7 2.1 30 3.1 11 2.6 1
89 Morocco 3.3 9 3.5 8 3.5 7 3.2 1 3.2 1 3.2 7 3.3 18 3.7 15 — 4.7 8
89 Rwanda 3.3 13 3 9 2.8 10 2.5 38 3.1— — — — — —
89 Mexico 3.3 17 3.6 3.5 2 3.3 5 3.5 1 3.6 3.6 7 3.6 6 3.7 8 3.3 1
95 Albania 3.2 10 3.4 20 2.9 6 2.6 15 2.4 18 2.5 16 2.5 11 2.5 3 — —
95 Vanuatu 3.2 14 2.9 11 3.1— — — — — — — —
97 Sri Lanka 3.1 5 3.2 2 3.2 10 3.1 6 3.2 11 3.5 1 3.4 14 3.7— — —
97 Liberia 3.1 41 2.4 12 2.1 13 — 2.2— — — — — —
99 Madagascar 3 14 3.4 9 3.2 10 3.1 13 2.8 15 3.1 6 2.6 10 1.7— — —
99 Tonga 3 39 2.4 37 1.7— — — — — — — —
99 Zambia 3 16 2.8 8 2.6 12 2.6 4 2.6 5 2.6 10 2.5 15 2.6 2 2.6 18 3.4 1
99 Jamaica 3 3 3.1 12 3.3 23 3.7 3 3.6 10 3.3 17 3.8 12 4 5 — —
99 Senegal 3 14 3.4 14 3.6 1 3.3 8 3.2 7 3 9 3.2 10 3.1 1 2.9 13 3.5 6
99 Dominican Republic 3 3 3 3 3 2.8 14 3 2 2.9 17 3.3 11 3.5 4 3.1— —
99 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 7 3.2 8 3.3 9 2.9 5 2.9 6 3.1 12 3.3— — — —
106 Gabon 2.9 10 3.1 12 3.3 6 3 2 2.9 14 3.3— — — — —
106 Niger 2.9 9 2.8 8 2.6 15 2.3 12 2.4 4 2.2— — — — —
106 Argentina 2.9 3 2.9 4 2.9 12 2.9 4 2.8 11 2.5 16 2.5 22 2.8 13 3.5 5 3.5 19
106 Benin 2.9 10 3.1 22 2.7 3 2.5 33 2.9 11 3.2— — — — —
106 Gambia 2.9 52 1.9 15 2.3 22 2.5 18 2.7 13 2.8 2 2.5— — — —
— Belize — 2.9 10 3 33 3.5 4 3.7 2 3.8 14 4.546 — — —
111 Egypt 2.8 4 2.8 10 2.9 35 3.3 3.4 7 3.2 7 3.3 8 3.4 8 3.6 9 3.1
111 Indonesia 2.8 15 2.6 17 2.3 13 2.4 7 2.2 4 2 11 1.9 26 1.9 8 1.9 3 1.7 11
111 Kiribati 2.8 15 3.1 12 3.3— — — — — — — —
111 Mali 2.8 15 3.1 22 2.7 19 2.8 11 2.9 11 3.2 1 3— — — —
111 Djibouti 2.8 9 3 3 2.9— — — — — — — —
111 Algeria 2.8 19 3.2 7 3 15 3.1 13 2.8 2.7 9 2.6— — — —
111 Togo 2.8 10 2.7 22 2.3 13 2.4— — — — — — —
111 Sao Tome and Principe 2.8 10 2.7 3 2.7— — — — — — — —
111 Solomon Islands 2.8 2 2.9 2 2.8— — — — — — — —
— Serbia and Montenegro — — — — 2.8 2.7 9 2.3106 — — —
120 Ethiopia 2.7 6 2.6 12 2.4 8 2.4 7 2.2 23 2.3 22 2.5 33 3.5 1 — 3.2—
120 Kazakhstan 2.7 25 2.2 5 2.1 39 2.6 4 2.6 15 2.2 22 2.4 12 2.3 17 2.7 6 3 19
120 Mongolia 2.7 18 3 3 3 2.8 14 3 3 42 — — — —
120 Vietnam 2.7 1 2.7 2 2.6 12 2.6 4 2.6 5 2.6 2 2.4 15 2.4 10 2.6 1 2.5 1
120 Bolivia 2.7 18 3 3 2.9 2.7 12 2.5 5 2.2 16 2.3 17 2.2 5 2 13 2.7 9
120 Armenia 2.7 11 2.9 10 3 6 2.9 5 2.9 6 3.1 4 3 2 — — 2.5 4
126 Guyana 2.6 2.6 3 2.6 2 2.5 4 2.5— — — — — —
126 Eritrea 2.6 2.6 15 2.8 18 2.9 14 2.6 5 2.6— — — — —
126 Syria 2.6 21 2.1 9 2.4 45 2.9 23 3.4 1 3.4 5 3.4— — — —
126 Tanzania 2.6 24 3 8 3.2 1 2.9 5 2.9 2 2.8 2 2.5 21 2.7 11 2.2 6 2.5 17
— Palestine — — — — 2.6 1 2.5 30 378 — — —
130 Lebanon 2.5 28 3 3 3 36 3.6 20 3.1 14 2.7 19 3— — — —
130 Libya 2.5 4 2.6 5 2.5 26 2.7 12 2.5 9 2.5 10 2.1— — — —
130 Honduras 2.5 4 2.6 5 2.5 10 2.5 14 2.6 7 2.3 8 2.3 35 2.7 2.7 23 —
130 Mauritania 2.5 15 2.8 8 2.6 39 3.1— — — — — — —
130 Mozambique 2.5 4 2.6 15 2.8 12 2.8 2 2.8 7 2.8 4 2.7 5 — — 2.2 25
130 Nicaragua 2.5 4 2.5 11 2.6 12 2.6 4 2.6 10 2.7 9 2.6 7 2.5 4 2.4 7 —
130 Nigeria 2.5 9 2.7 26 2.2 5 2.2 10 1.9 8 1.6 12 1.4 31 1.6 11 1 1.2 8
130 Maldives 2.5 15 2.8 31 3.3— — — — — — — —
130 Uganda 2.5 4 2.6 15 2.8 6 2.7 12 2.5 15 2.6 11 2.2 20 2.1 5 1.9 8 2.3 7
139 Bangladesh 2.4 8 2.1 15 2 6 2 2 1.7 13 1.5 12 1.3 31 1.2 11 0.4 40 —
139 Pakistan 2.4 5 2.5 4 2.4 4 2.2 2 2.1 15 2.1 37 2.5 15 2.6 2 2.3 8 —
139 Philippines 2.4 2 2.3 10 2.5 10 2.5 4 2.5 15 2.6 10 2.5 15 2.6 12 2.9 4 2.8 15
139 Belarus 2.4 12 2 1 2.1 1 2.1 44 2.6 33 3.3 21 4.2 17 4.8 7 — 4.1 15
143   Nepal 2.3 22 2.7 10 2.5 10 2.5 4 2.5 27 2.8— — — — —
143 Comoros 2.3 9 2.5 11 2.6— — — — — — — —
143 Azerbaijan 2.3 15 1.9 8 2.1 20 2.4 7 2.2 3 1.9 16 1.8 29 2 11 2 3 1.5 9
146 Cameroon 2.2 5 2.3 3 2.4 2.3 1 2.2 8 2.1 5 1.8 35 2.2 5 2 2 15
146 Ecuador 2.2 5 2 1 2.1 12 2.3 21 2.5 5 2.4 1 2.2 24 2.2 10 2.3 5 2.6 8
146 Russia 2.2 1 2.1 4 2.3 22 2.5 5 2.4 36 2.8 4 2.7 15 2.7 8 2.3 3 2.1
146 Sierra Leone 2.2 12 1.9 8 2.1 8 2.2 16 2.4 12 2.3 1 2.2— — — —
146 Ukraine 2.2 12 2.5 16 2.7 19 2.8 8 2.6 15 2.2 16 2.3 21 2.4 2 2.1 4 1.5 12
146 Zimbabwe 2.2 20 1.8 16 2.1 20 2.4 23 2.6 7 2.3 8 2.3 35 2.7 6 2.9 3 20
146 Kenya 2.2 1 2.1 3 2.1 8 2.2 2 2.1 15 2.1 7 1.9 26 1.9 12 2 2 2.1 8
146 Timor Leste 2.2 1 2.2 22 2.6 12 2.6— — — — — — —
154 Papua New Guinea 2.1 3 2 11 2 32 2.4 2.3 28 2.6 16 2.1— — — —
154 Paraguay 2.1 16 2.4 2.4 27 2.6 33 2.1 4 1.9 11 1.6 31 1.7 8 — —
154 Yemen 2.1 13 2.3 10 2.5 20 2.6 8 2.7 9 2.4 24 2.6— — — —
154 Ivory Coast 2.1 3 2 1 2.1 1 2.1 1 1.9 19 2 15 2.1 47 2.7 6 2.4 6 2.7 4
158 Cambodia 2 8 1.8 4 2 11 2.1 21 2.3— — — — — —
158 Central African Republic 2 7 2 11 2 32 2.4— — — — — — —
158 Tajikistan 2 7 2 1 2.1 8 2.2 2 2.1 11 2 9 1.8— — — —
158 Laos 2 7 2 17 1.9 57 2.6 34 3.3— — — — — —
162 Angola 1.9 4 1.9 11 2.2 5 2.2 9 2 18 2 9 1.8 26 1.7 13 — 1.7—
162 Guinea-Bissau 1.9 4 1.9 11 2.2— — — — — — — —
162 Kyrgyzstan 1.9 4 1.8 16 2.1 8 2.2 12 2.3 8 2.2 4 2.1 31 — — —
162 Venezuela 1.9 4 1.9 4 2 24 2.3 8 2.3 16 2.3 14 2.4 19 2.5 12 2.8 2 2.7 4
162 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1.9 9 1.7 3 1.9 12 2 12 2.1 11 2— — — — —
162 Republic of the Congo 1.9 4 1.9 8 2.1 8 2.2 12 2.3 16 2.3 1 2.2— — — —
168 Equatorial Guinea 1.8 3 1.7 3 1.9 17 2.1 1 1.9— — — — — —
168 Guinea 1.8 5 1.6 5 1.9 8 1.9— — — — — — —
168 Iran 1.8 27 2.3 10 2.5 26 2.7 17 2.9 1 2.9 9 3— — — —
168 Turkmenistan 1.8 2 1.8 4 2 20 2.2 13 1.8 22 2— — — — —
168 Burundi 1.8 10 1.9 27 2.5 1 2.4 2.3— — — — — —
168 Haiti 1.8 9 1.4 1.6 14 1.8 8 1.8 10 1.5 14 1.5 42 2.2— — —
174 Uzbekistan 1.7 8 1.8 9 1.7 24 2.1 14 2.2 23 2.3 14 2.4 32 2.9 3 2.7 8 2.4 15
175 Chad 1.6 2 1.6 1 1.8 16 2 2 1.7 16 1.7— — — — —
176 Iraq 1.5 2 1.3 1.5 18 1.9 23 2.2 8 2.1 16 2.2— — — —
176 Sudan 1.5 3 1.6 1 1.8 16 2 12 2.1 22 2.2 16 2.3— — — —
178 Myanmar 1.4 1.3 1 1.4 19 1.9 5 1.8 13 1.7 13 1.6— — — —
179 Afghanistan 1.3 3 1.5 4 1.8 55 — 2.5— — — — — —
— Yugoslavia — — — — — — — — — 1.3 1
180 Somalia 1.1 1 1 1.4 35 — 2.1— — — — — —

1995–1999

Corruption Perceptions Index table:[15]

# Nation or Territory 1999[38] 1998[39] 1997[40] 1996[41] 1995[42]
Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score Δ[lower-roman 1] Score
1 Denmark 10 10 9.94 1 9.33 9.32
2 Finland 9.4 9.6 9.48 2 9.05 9.12
3 Sweden 9.4 9.5 9.35 9.08 3 8.87
3 New Zealand 9.4 1 9.4 9.23 3 9.43 9.55
5 Iceland 9.2 9.3— — — —
5 Canada 9.2 1 9.2 1 9.1 8.96 8.87
7 Singapore 9.1 9.1 2 8.66 2 8.8 4 9.26
8 Netherlands 9 9 2 9.03 3 8.71 8.69
9 Norway 8.9 1 9 1 8.92 1 8.87 4 8.61
9 Switzerland 8.9 1 8.9 1 8.61 3 8.76 8.76
11 Luxembourg 8.8 8.7 1 8.61— — —
12 Australia 8.7 1 8.7 3 8.86 2 8.6 3 8.8
13 United Kingdom 8.6 2 8.7 3 8.22 2 8.44 8.57
14 Germany 8 1 7.9 2 8.23 8.27 8.14
15 Hong Kong 7.7 1 7.8 2 7.28 7.01 1 7.12
15 Ireland 7.7 1 8.2 2 8.28 1 8.45— —
17 Austria 7.6 7.5 7.61 1 7.59 7.13
18 USA 7.5 1 7.5 1 7.61 1 7.66 7.79
19 Chile 6.9 1 6.8 3 6.05 2 6.8 7 7.94
20 Israel 6.8 1 7.1 4 7.97 1 7.71— —
21 Portugal 6.7 1 6.5 3 6.97 3 6.53 5.56
22 Spain 6.6 1 6.1 1 5.9 8 4.31 6 4.35
22 France 6.6 1 6.7 1 6.66 1 6.96 1 7
24 Botswana 6.1 1 6.1— — — —
25 Japan 6 5.8 4 6.57 4 7.05 3 6.72
25 Slovenia 6— — — — —
27 Estonia 5.7 1 5.7— — — —
28 Taiwan 5.6 1 5.3 2 5.02 2 4.98 4 5.08
29 Namibia 5.3 5.3— — — —
29 Belgium 5.3 1 5.4 2 5.25 6 6.84 1 6.85
31 Hungary 5.2 2 5 5 5.18 3 4.86 3 4.12
32 Costa Rica 5.1 5 5.6 5 6.45— — —
32 Malaysia 5.1 3 5.3 3 5.01 6 5.32 3 5.28
34 South Africa 5 2 5.2 1 4.95 10 5.68 2 5.62
34 Tunisia 5 1 5— — — —
36 Mauritius 4.9 3 5— — — —
36 Greece 4.9 4.9 11 5.35 3 5.01 2 4.04
38 Italy 4.7 1 4.6 9 5.03 4 3.42 1 2.99
39 Czech Republic 4.6 2 4.8 10 5.2 2 5.37— —
40 Peru 4.5 1 4.5— — — —
41 Uruguay 4.4 1 4.3 13 4.14— — —
41 Jordan 4.4 3 4.7 8 — 4.89— —
43 Mongolia 4.3— — — — —
44 Poland 4.2 5 4.6 10 5.08 5 5.57— —
45 Morocco 4.1 5 3.7— — — —
45 Brazil 4.1 1 4 10 3.56 4 2.96 3 2.7
45 Zimbabwe 4.1 2 4.2— — — —
45 Malawi 4.1 4.1— — — —
49 El Salvador 3.9 2 3.6— — — —
50 Jamaica 3.8 1 3.8— — — —
50 South Korea 3.8 7 4.2 9 4.29 7 5.02 4.29
50 Lithuania 3.8— — — — —
53 Slovak Republic 3.7 6 3.9— — — —
54 Philippines 3.6 1 3.3 15 3.05 4 2.69 8 2.77
54 Turkey 3.6 3.4 16 3.21 5 3.54 4 4.1
56 Mozambique 3.5— — — — —
56 Zambia 3.5 4 3.5— — — —
58 China 3.4 6 3.5 11 2.88 9 2.43 10 2.16
58 Belarus 3.4 11 3.9— — — —
58 Mexico 3.4 3 3.3 8 2.66 9 3.3 6 3.18
58 Latvia 3.4 13 2.7— — — —
58 Senegal 3.4 3 3.3— — — —
63 Ghana 3.3 8 3.3— — — —
63 Romania 3.3 2 3 24 3.44— — —
63 Egypt 3.3 3 2.9 25 — 2.84— —
63 Bulgaria 3.3 3 2.9— — — —
63 Macedonia 3.3— — — — —
68 Thailand 3.2 7 3 22 3.06 2 3.33 3 2.79
68 Guatemala 3.2 9 3.1— — — —
70 Nicaragua 3.1 9 3— — — —
71 Argentina 3 10 3 19 2.81 7 3.41 11 5.24
72 India 2.9 6 2.9 21 2.75 1 2.63 11 2.78
72 Colombia 2.9 7 2.2 29 2.23 8 2.73 11 3.44
74 Croatia 2.7— — — — —
75 Moldova 2.6— — — — —
75 Vietnam 2.6 1 2.5 31 2.79— — —
75 Venezuela 2.6 2 2.3 33 2.77 4 2.5 10 2.66
75 Ukraine 2.6 6 2.8— — — —
75 Ivory Coast 2.6 16 3.1— — — —
80 Bolivia 2.5 11 2.8 18 2.05 15 3.4— —
80 Armenia 2.5— — — — —
82 Ecuador 2.4 5 2.3 38 — 3.19— —
82 Russia 2.4 6 2.4 27 2.27 2 2.58— —
84 Kazakhstan 2.3— — — — —
84 Albania 2.3— — — — —
84 Georgia 2.3— — — — —
— Bangladesh — — — 2.2951 —
87 Kyrgyz Republic 2.2— — — — —
87 Uganda 2.2 14 2.6 30 — 2.71— —
87 Pakistan 2.2 16 2.7 23 2.53 5 1 14 2.25
90 Paraguay 2 6 1.5— — — —
90 Yugoslavia 2 29 3— — — —
90 Kenya 2 16 2.5 22 — 2.21— —
93 Tanzania 1.9 12 1.9— — — —
94 Uzbekistan 1.8— — — — —
94 Honduras 1.8 11 1.7— — — —
96 Indonesia 1.7 16 2 34 2.72 1 2.65 4 1.94
96 Azerbaijan 1.7— — — — —
98 Nigeria 1.6 17 1.9 29 1.76 2 0.69— —
99 Cameroon 1.5 14 1.4 36 — 2.46— —

Assessments

The Index was methodologically criticized in the past,[43] i.e. questioned based on its methodology.

According to political scientist Dan Hough, three flaws in the Index include:[44]

  • Corruption is too complex a concept to be captured by a single score. For instance, the nature of corruption in rural Kansas will be different from that in the city administration of New York, yet the Index measures them in the same way.
  • By measuring perceptions of corruption, as opposed to corruption itself, the Index may simply be reinforcing existing stereotypes and cliches.
  • The Index only measures public sector corruption, ignoring the private sector. This, for instance, means the well-publicized Libor scandal, Odebrecht case and the VW emissions scandal are not counted as corrupt actions.

Media outlets frequently use the raw numbers as a yardstick for government performance, without clarifying what the numbers mean. The local Transparency International chapter in Bangladesh disowned the index results after a change in methodology caused the country's scores to increase; media reported it as an "improvement".[45]

In a 2013 article in Foreign Policy, Alex Cobham suggested that CPI should be dropped for the good of Transparency International. It argues that the CPI embeds a powerful and misleading elite bias in popular perceptions of corruption, potentially contributing to a vicious cycle and at the same time incentivizing inappropriate policy responses. Cobham writes, "the index corrupts perceptions to the extent that it's hard to see a justification for its continuing publication."[46]

Recent econometric analyses that have exploited the existence of natural experiments on the level of corruption and compared the CPI with other subjective indicators have found that, while not perfect, the CPI is argued to be broadly consistent with one-dimensional measures of corruption.[47]

In the United States, many lawyers advise international businesses to consult the CPI when attempting to measure the risk of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violations in different nations. This practice has been criticized by the Minnesota Journal of International Law, which wrote that since the CPI may be subject to perceptual biases it therefore should not be considered by lawyers to be a measure of actual national corruption risk.[48]

Transparency International also publishes the Global Corruption Barometer, which ranks countries by corruption levels using direct surveys instead of perceived expert opinions, which has been under criticism for substantial bias from the powerful elite.[46]

Transparency International has warned that a country with a clean CPI score may still be linked to corruption internationally. For example, while Sweden had the 3rd best CPI score in 2015, one of its state-owned companies, TeliaSonera, was facing allegations of bribery in Uzbekistan.[49]

See also

Footnotes
  1. Change in Rank (not Score).

References
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  2. Transparency International (2011). "Corruption Perceptions Index". Transparency International. Archived from the original on 13 December 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  3. CPI 2010: Long methodological brief, p. 2
  4. "1995 - CPI". Transparency.org. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  5. "CPI 2022". Transparency International. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  6. "Frequently Asked Questions: TI Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI 2005)". Retrieved 22 November 2005.
  7. CPI 2010: Long methodological brief, p. 1
  8. CPI 2010: Long methodological brief, p. 7
  9. Transparency International (2010). Corruption Perceptions Index 2010: Sources of information (PDF) (Report). Transparency International. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  10. Transparency International (2010). "Frequently asked questions (FAQs)". Corruption Perceptions Index 2010. Transparency International. Archived from the original on 2 September 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  11. Wilhelm, Paul G. (2002). "International Validation of the Corruption Perceptions Index: Implications for Business Ethics and Entrepreneurship Education". Journal of Business Ethics. Springer Netherlands. 35 (3): 177–189. doi:10.1023/A:1013882225402. S2CID 151245049.
  12. Cobham, Alex (23 July 2013). "Corrupting Perceptions: Why Transparency International's Flagship Corruption Index Falls Short". cgdev.org.
  13. Shao, J.; Ivanov, P. C.; Podobnik, B.; Stanley, H. E. (2007). "Quantitative relations between corruption and economic factors". The European Physical Journal B. 56 (2): 157. arXiv:0705.0161. Bibcode:2007EPJB...56..157S. doi:10.1140/epjb/e2007-00098-2. S2CID 2357298.
  14. Podobnik, B.; Shao, J.; Njavro, D.; Ivanov, P. C.; Stanley, H. E. (2008). "Influence of corruption on economic growth rate and foreign investment". The European Physical Journal B. 63 (4): 547. arXiv:0710.1995. Bibcode:2008EPJB...63..547P. doi:10.1140/epjb/e2008-00210-2. S2CID 3038265.
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  16. "CPI 2021". Transparency International. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  17. "CPI 2020". Transparency International. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  18. "CPI 2019". Transparency International. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  19. "CPI 2018". Transparency International. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  20. "CPI 2017". Transparency International. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  21. "CPI 2016". Transparency International. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
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  23. "CPI 2014". Transparency International. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  24. "CPI 2013". Transparency International. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
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  27. "CPI 2010". Transparency International. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  28. "CPI 2009". Transparency International. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
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  30. "CPI 2007". Transparency International. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  31. "CPI 2006". Transparency International. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  32. "CPI 2005". Transparency International. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  33. "CPI 2004". Transparency International. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
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