2021–22 Australian region cyclone season

The 2021–22 Australian region cyclone season, despite a very high number of tropical lows, was a slightly below-average season in terms of activity, with ten tropical cyclones, two of which intensified further into severe tropical cyclones. The season began from 1 November 2021 and ended on 30 April 2022, but a tropical cyclone could form at any time between 1 July 2021 and 30 June 2022 and would count towards the season total. During the season, tropical cyclones will be officially monitored by one of the three tropical cyclone warning centres (TCWCs) for the region which are operated by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, National Weather Service of Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics. The United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and other national meteorological services including Météo-France and the Fiji Meteorological Service also monitored the basin during the season.

2021–22 Australian region cyclone season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed9 November 2021
Last system dissipated31 May 2022
Strongest storm
NameVernon
 • Maximum winds185 km/h (115 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure950 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Tropical lows32 (record high)
Tropical cyclones10
Severe tropical cyclones2
Total fatalities4
Total damage≥ $75 million (2021 USD)
Related articles

Season summary
Cyclone Dovi (2022)Cyclone BatsiraiCyclone TiffanyCyclone Ruby
A satellite image of Cyclone Cody and Cyclone Tiffany active on 9 January 2022.
A satellite image of Cyclone Vernon and Tropical Depression 08 undergoing a fujiwhara interaction on 26 February 2022.

A tropical low developed to the north of the Western Region on 9 November, starting the season and the overall Southern Hemisphere season as well. After passing near the Cocos Islands with rainfall, it exiting the basin into the South-West Indian Ocean region on 14 November. Three days later, Tropical Low 02U formed near the Christmas Island and later became Tropical Cyclone Paddy, the first named cyclone in this season.[1] On 22 November, Tropical Low 03U formed and it exited the basin on 28 November. On 1 December, Tropical Cyclone Teratai was designated by TCWC Jakarta, but BoM downgraded to a tropical low later that day due to limited deep convection.[2] Ex-Teratai was monitored for redevelopment for a few days, and on 7 December, the system was re-upgraded to tropical storm status. The system later dissipated on 11 December.[3] On 9 December, BoM designated Tropical Low 07U and later became Tropical Cyclone Ruby, which peaked as a Category 2 tropical cyclone before entering the South Pacific basin.[4] About two weeks later, Tropical Low 08U was monitored for development but made landfall before further strengthening could occur. The tropical low later entered the Coral Sea where Tropical Cyclone Seth peaked with winds of 70 mph.[5] A couple days after Seth dissipated, Tropical Low 10U quickly organized and was named Tiffany. The tropical cyclone rapidly intensified to a Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone before making landfall over Northern Queensland.[6] Land interaction and wind shear significantly weakened the system. Tiffany later made a second landfall over Northern Territory without restrengthening much over the Gulf of Carpentaria. On 23 January, a tropical low was monitored for a couple days before entering the South-West Indian Ocean, which later became Cyclone Batsirai and caused devastation to Madagascar. On 29 January, BoM started to track Tropical Low 16U and exited the basin without affecting land. Meanwhile, Tropical Low 14U caused record flooding in the Kimberly Region.[7] A week later, Tropical Low 17U formed and initially the system had deep convection and a well defined center, but easterly shear and dry air prevented strengthening and was last noted on 14 February. The same day that 17U was designated, Tropical Low 18U was briefly monitored before entering the South Pacific basin and became Severe Tropical Cyclone Dovi.[8] On 13 February, Tropical Low 19U formed southeast of Christmas Island and exited the basin a few days later, which was later designated as Moderate Tropical Storm Fezile. On 23 February, Tropical Low 22U quickly developed deep convection and an inner core, and BoM upgraded the system to Tropical Cyclone Vernon. Afterward, the system underwent rapid intensification and peaked as a Category 4 severe tropical cyclone before interacting with Tropical Low 25U. While Vernon stayed out to sea and entered the South-West Indian Ocean, Tropical Low 21U developed in the Torres Strait, but high wind shear prevented further development. At the same time, Tropical Low 23U was monitored in the Timor Sea and later became Tropical Cyclone Anika before making landfall northeast of Kalumburu. Anika made a second landfall east of Pardoo, and briefly developed a better inner core inland due to the brown ocean effect.[9] Tropical Low 26U was also monitored for development east of Christmas Island and attained tropical storm force winds, but high easterly wind shear caused the system to disintegrate. On 11 March, Tropical Low 27U formed south of Java and quickly developed an inner core before being named Billy and stayed out to sea as the system eventually succumbed to high wind shear. A few days later, Tropical Low 28U formed southwest of Sumba and was later named Charlotte. The tropical cyclone rapidly intensified quicker than expected and peaked as a Category 3-equivalent tropical cyclone while attempting to clear out a pinhole eye.[10] However, the peak was relatively short-lived as the convection got sheared and Charlotte transitioned to an extratropical cyclone. On 30 March, a tropical low formed on Christmas Island and dissipated a couple days later. Another tropical low formed on 8 April, but did not impact any habitable areas. In mid-April, Tropical Low 33U formed in the Gulf of Carpentaria and dissipated a few days later.[11] Tropical Low 34U also formed, but did not impact land. Around its peak, there was an eye-like feature, but northwesterly shear caused the system to become disorganized.[12] During the off-season, tropical cyclone Karim entered the basin on 7 May and did not pose a threat to land.[13] Another tropical low formed on 28 May, but remained disorganized due to wind shear and brought some rainfall to Western Australia.[14] After this season, the BoM noted that they found a separate circulation that was once considered a part of Tropical Low 34U. It developed on 25 April and tracked away to the east and was dissipated the next day.

Systems

Tropical Cyclone Paddy
Category 1 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration17 November – 24 November
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min) 994 hPa (mbar)

During 17 November, the BoM reported that Tropical Low 02U had developed along a trough of low pressure, just to the west of Christmas Island.[1] Over the next couple of days, the system remained slow-moving near the island before it started to move south-eastwards.[15] On 21 November of 04:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for Invest 90S which the agency was tracking very recently, noting that the system was well-structured, with convection and near gale-force winds wrapping into its consolidated low-level circulation center.[16] The BoM did not upgrade the system into a tropical cyclone at that time, as its centre was still somewhat elongated, and the near gale-force winds were only present at its southern quadrant. At 00:00 UTC of 22 November, the BoM upgraded the system to a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale, and named it Paddy, becoming the first named cyclone in the season.[1] The JTWC followed suit later that day at 09:00 UTC.[17]

At this time, it started to incline more southwards under the influence of an upper trough moving to the east and a subtropical ridge to its south strengthening, with its pressure bottoming to 997 mbar (29.44 inHg). Paddy also reached its eventual peak intensity, with maximum 10-minute sustained winds of 40 kn (75 km/h; 45 mph), according to scatterometer passes.[1] Sea surface temperatures around 28 °C (82 °F), low wind shear and favorable upper-level divergence were the factors behind Paddy's intensification.[18] Paddy then reacted quickly to increasing northwesterly shear, as its convection began to decrease at 12:00 UTC that same day,[19] and by early next day, the BoM reported that Paddy had become an ex-tropical cyclone. As it turned to the south-southwest as the ridge to its south strengthened further, the synoptic gradient between the two increased, letting the storm reintensify slightly that same day, though gale-force winds were not wrapping halfway of the system. The winds would later rapidly decrease, and by 24 November, the BoM discontinued monitoring Paddy.[1] The JTWC subsequently followed suit and issued its final warning on the storm.[20]

Paddy remained far from major landmasses throughout its existence; however, it brought prolonged rainfall to Christmas Island. During a five-day period from 17 to 21 November, the island saw 251.2 mm (9.89 in) of rain.[1]

Tropical Low 03U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration22 November – 28 November
Peak intensityWinds not specified 1006 hPa (mbar)

On 22 November, a weak tropical low formed north of the Western Region, which was designated as 03U.[21] By 24 November, the tropical low had entered the region and was located 560 kilometres (350 mi) west-northwest of the Cocos Islands.[22] It meandered near the Cocos Islands, before moving westwards and exited the basin on 28 November.[23]

Tropical Cyclone Teratai
Category 1 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration30 November – 11 December
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min) 996 hPa (mbar)

On 29 November, BoM predicted a formation of a tropical low which they designated as 05U.[24] On the next day, 05U formed which was located adjoining regions to the Christmas Island and the island of Java.[25] At 23:30 UTC of the same day, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system as the agencies found that the convection in associated with the system had increased.[26] At 09:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical storm, as it briefly attained sufficient convection.[27] Later, the BoM briefly upgraded it to a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale at 12:00 UTC of 1 December, and named it Teratai which was given by TCWC Jakarta.[2] But at 18:00 UTC, the BoM downgraded to a tropical low as deep convection had become limited, with the LLCC displaced towards the south. This was caused due to the lack of sufficient outflow caused by the northerly strait line flow which inhibited the system from further intensifying, despite favorable conditions.[2][28] The JTWC followed the suite two hours later.[28] During the next few days, the BoM monitored ex-Teratai for redevelopment as the system executed a clockwise loop.[29] On 6 December the JTWC issued a TCFA,[30] and the next day it re-upgraded the system to a tropical storm.[3] However, by 09:00 UTC of 9 December, JTWC issued its final warning.[31] The BoM continued to track the system until 11 December.[32]

Tropical Cyclone Ruby
Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration9 December – 13 December (Exited basin)
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min) 980 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Ruby

On 6 December, the BoM predicted that a tropical low could form near the Solomon Sea.[33] Two days later, the tropical low formed, and the BoM designated it as 07U.[34][4] The JTWC later issued a TCFA.[35] The system's deep convection became more organized overnight in 10 December, and began to strengthen, with gale-force winds being reported on 11 December.[4] Late on the same day, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical storm.[36] By the next day, it was upgraded to a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale, and the BoM named it as Ruby. Twelve hours later, the BoM upgraded Ruby into a Category 2 cyclone,[4] with the JTWC following suit and upgraded the system into a category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone.[37] By 13 December, Ruby reached its peak intensity,[4] before subsequently crossing into the South Pacific basin.[38]

Tropical Low 06U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration13 December – 15 December
Peak intensityWinds not specified 1007 hPa (mbar)

On 7 December, the BoM noted on a possibility of a weak tropical low developing over the northern part of the Arafura Sea.[39] The BoM designated the system as 06U.[40] By 13 December, the BoM stated that 06U was already forming.[41] The system was last noted on 15 December.[42]

Tropical Cyclone Seth
Main article: Cyclone Seth
Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration24 December – 6 January
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min) 983 hPa (mbar)

On 21 December 2021, the BoM started to monitor a possible tropical low near the Arafura Sea.[43] The JTWC also classified the system as Invest 97S late on 22 December. On the next day, the BoM designated the disturbance as Tropical Low 08U.[44] By 24 December, BoM began issuing advisories on the system, predicting a Category 1 intensity before landfall, while the JTWC issued a TCFA at 21:00 UTC on the same day.[45] However, the TCFA was cancelled at 18:00 UTC on 25 December, since the system moved inland, and the BoM ceased issuing advisories as well. However, the tropical low kept moving eastward and entered the Coral Sea. At 02:30 UTC on 30 December, the JTWC issued a TCFA again on the system; however, at 02:30 UTC on 31 December, the TCFA was cancelled, due to the system developing subtropical characteristics. At 03:00 UTC on the same day, the BoM upgraded the low to a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale and named it Seth. At 15:00 UTC, the JTWC finally classified it as a tropical cyclone, designating the system with the identifier 04P. The cyclone reached its peak intensity at 18:00 UTC that day, while the BoM upgraded it to a Category 2 tropical cyclone, with sustained winds of 110 km/h (70 mph). At 00:00 UTC on 1 January, the BoM downgraded the system to a Category 1 tropical cyclone. At 06:00 UTC on the next day, the BoM classified the system as a subtropical cyclone, in their final advisory on the system.[5] As a post-tropical cyclone, Seth killed 2 people; one in Queensland and the other in New South Wales.[46][47][48]

Tropical Cyclone Tiffany
Main article: Cyclone Tiffany
Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration8 January – 17 January
Peak intensity100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min) 988 hPa (mbar)

On 4 January, the BoM started to monitor a possible tropical low near the Coral Sea.[49] By 8 January, BoM began issuing advisories on the system.[50] On the next day the BoM designated it as 10U.[51] Within few hours since the BoM began issuing advisories, the low was named as Tropical Cyclone Tiffany as it was rapidly consolidating itself.[6] It was followed by the rapid intensification for a span of 12 hours since it named from 06:00 UTC to 18:00 UTC of 9 January by windspeed increasing from 65 kmph to 120 kmph. With the same intensity on 00:00 UTC of 10 January, the storm made landfall over Northern Queensland. Due to land interaction, it rapidly weakened overland and became a weak tropical low. The low entered into the Gulf of Carpentaria with that intensity by the same night. Despite the considerable increase in wind shear, the low again re-intensified into a Category 1 tropical cyclone in Australian scale while meandering over the same area. The JTWC estimated secondary peak intensity of 100 kmph windspeed in one minute mean. On 00:00 UTC of 11 January, the storm made second landfall over the Northern Territory region and was followed by rapid weakening. The JTWC stopped issuing advisories by the same time.[52]

Tiffany brought gusty winds and heavy rainfall exceeding 100 mm (3.9 in) to the Top End. A house near Katherine suffered around A$50,000 (US$36,000) in damage from fallen trees.[53]

Tropical Low 11U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration13 January – 14 January
Peak intensityWinds not specified 1008 hPa (mbar)

On 6 January, the BoM first noted the possible formation of a weak tropical low.[54] By 13 January, 11U formed while moving west-southwestward, it dissipated by the next day.[55][56]

Tropical Low 16U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration29 January – 3 February (Exited basin)
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min) 995 hPa (mbar)

On 29 January, the BoM started tracking a tropical low. They designated it as 16U. The JTWC upgraded it to a tropical cyclone and designated it as Tropical Cyclone 09P late on 31 January. On 3 February, 16U exited the basin and entered the South Pacific Basin.

Tropical Low 14U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration30 January – 6 February
Peak intensityWinds not specified 1003 hPa (mbar)

Tropical Low 14U formed on 30 January and dissipated on 6 February.

In Western Australia, prolific rains affected the Kimberly Region with some areas recording accumulations not seen in over a century. Country Downs measured 843 mm (33.2 in) by 2 February, including 652.2 mm (25.68 in) in a 24-hour span. The latter constituted the second-highest daily rainfall on record in the state. Flooding occurred along the Fitzroy River, covering roads, washing out topsoil, knocking down fences, and toppling trees. More than 80,000 lightning strikes were observed around Broome.[57] Rainfall in the city reached 352.8 mm (13.89 in) on 30 January, surpassing the total rainfall seeing during the entirety of 2021.[7]

Tropical Low 17U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration5 February – 14 February
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (10-min) 

Tropical Low 17U formed on 5 February and was last noted on 14 February when it had exited the basin.

Tropical Low 18U (Dovi)
Main article: Cyclone Dovi (2022)
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration5 February – 6 February (Exited basin)
Peak intensityWinds not specified 

Tropical Low 18U formed on 5 February near New Caledonia and the next day 18U crossed into the South Pacific basin, with the system intensifying into Cyclone Dovi on 9 February.[8]

Tropical Low 19U (Fezile)
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Monsoon depression
 
Duration13 February – 16 February (Exited basin)
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min) 999 hPa (mbar)

On 11 February, the BoM predicted that a tropical low could form in the next few days around southeast of Christmas Island, and was therefore designated as 19U. The area fully developed into a tropical low two days later. It moved into the South-West Indian Ocean basin where it intensified into Moderate Tropical Storm Fezile.

Tropical Low 20U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration17 February – 19 February
Peak intensityWinds not specified 

Tropical Low 20U formed on 17 February and dissipated on 19 February.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Vernon
Category 4 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration23 February – 26 February (Exited basin)
Peak intensity185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min) 950 hPa (mbar)

On 20 February, the BoM predicted that a weak tropical low could develop near the Cocos Islands, and thus, designating it as 22U. Moving westwards, the system had fully developed into a tropical low three days later. Later, 22U formed into Tropical Cyclone Vernon as it continued tracking west southwest and continued to intensify as it started to move out of the Western region and into the South-West Indian Ocean basin.[58]

Tropical Low 21U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration24 February – 1 March
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (10-min) 

On 20 February, the BoM noted a possible formation of a tropical low that was located in the Arafura Sea, and thus, designating it as 21U. By 24 February, the system was already a developing tropical low as it was located in the Torres Strait. The low dissipated on 1 March.

Tropical Cyclone Anika
Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration24 February – 3 March
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min) 987 hPa (mbar)

A tropical low designated by the BoM of 23U has formed in the Timor Sea. On 25 February, the low intensified and turned into tropical cyclone Anika. Anika only intensified briefly to a Category 2 cyclone as it tracked towards the Northern Kimberley and made landfall. Danger alerts for northern Australia were issued by the BoM.[59] The storm made landfall in Kimberley, causing trees to fall and more than 260 mm of precipitation was recorded according to the BoM.[9] The system then weakened into a tropical low and continued to track over the coast, soon the ex-cyclone tracked west into the Kuri Bay and it re-inensified into a Category 1 cyclone and rapidly intensified into a Category 2 as it started to made landfall again. It then started to re-weaken to a tropical low as it tracked eastward and quickly dissipated over the eastern Kimberley.[60]

Tropical Low 25U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration26 February – 27 February
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min) 

On 26 February, Tropical Low 25U (Tropical Depression 08) briefly moved into the western portion of the basin while undergoing a fujiwhara interaction with Severe Tropical Cyclone Vernon.[61] It was last noted on 27 February where it moved back to the South-West Indian Ocean basin.

Tropical Low 26U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration27 February – 4 March
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min) 

On 27 February, the BoM started to a tropical low that was located to the east of Christmas Island. By 1 March, the BoM had designated the low as 26U. On 2 March, the JTWC upgraded the system to Tropical Cyclone 17S. However, the JTWC issued their final warning for it on 3 March.

Tropical Cyclone Billy
Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration12 March – 17 March
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min) 988 hPa (mbar)

A tropical low formed to the southeast of Christmas Island on 12 March and tracked steadily to the west-southwest. The low improved during 13 March and reached tropical cyclone intensity at 00:00 UTC 14 March. Billy reached a peak at category 2 intensity that night well to the south of Cocos Island. The cyclone weakened rapidly on 16 March, although gales continued in southern quadrants through to 17 March as the system tracked to the south.[62]

Tropical Cyclone Billy tracked over open waters of the Indian Ocean and had no impact on the Western Australian mainland or island territories.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Charlotte
Category 4 severe tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration15 March – 26 March
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min) 956 hPa (mbar)

A tropical low formed over the northern Timor Sea on 16 March and tracked westwards. During 19 March the low started intensifying while moving southwest over open waters in between Indonesia and Western Australia. The system was named tropical cyclone Charlotte during Monday morning 21 March. The next 24 hours was quite significant where Charlotte rapidly intensified from a category 1 to a category 4 cyclone on 22 March. Charlotte maintained this intensity for at least 12 hours as it tracked south-westwards under the influence of a subtropical ridge.

The cyclone began weakening during 23 March due to drier air intrusion and increasing north-westerly wind shear. The system was downgraded to a tropical low at 18:00 UTC 24 March as it moved south over cooler waters off Western Australia. It dissipated on 26 March.

There was no direct impact from Severe Tropical Cyclone Charlotte to the Australian mainland or island communities. Earlier in its life cycle, it caused heavy rain over the Timor-Leste but there were no reports of any damages.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Charlotte was the eighth tropical cyclone in the Australian region for the 2021/22 season.[63]

Tropical Low 30U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration30 March – 3 April
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (10-min) 1004 hPa (mbar)

The Bureau of Meteorology reported that a tropical low formed on Christmas Island on 30 March.[64] It was designated as 30U. The cyclone lost its tropical characteristics on 1 April and was downgraded to a low pressure common on the high seas.[65]

Tropical Low 32U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration8 April – 9 April
Peak intensityWinds not specified 

According to a bulletin released by the Bureau of Meteorology on the morning of 8 April, a new tropical low formed in Papua New Guinea.[66] It was designated as 32U. It lost its tropical characteristics on 9 April without affecting any habitable areas.[67]

Tropical Low 33U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration16 April – 19 April
Peak intensity45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min) 1005 hPa (mbar)

On 16 April, The BoM tracked a tropical low near the Top End and the Gulf of Carpentaria. It was designated as 33U. 33U slowly headed towards Cape York Peninsula. The BoM issued its final warning on the storm on 19 April.[11]

Tropical Low 37U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
 
Duration24 April – 27 April
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min) 996 hPa (mbar)

On 24 April, the BoM had noted that they found a separate circulation that was once considered a part of Tropical Low 34U. It was classified as 37U. It started to track to the east. It peaked at 996 mbar with 10-min winds of 45 mph. The next day, the low started to weaken and was dissipated on 27 April.[68]

Tropical Low 34U
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration25 April – 29 April
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min) 998 hPa (mbar)

A tropical low formed 420 km (260 mi) from Christmas Island, according to the Bureau Of Meteorology technical bulletin, and was designated 34U.[69] The cyclone intensified and the agency released unusual bulletins about the possibility of reaching Category 1, even though it did not pose a threat to any habitable areas.[12] The low dissipated on 29 April. The system was upgraded to a tropical storm in post-analysis.[70]

Tropical Cyclone Karim
Category 2 tropical cyclone (Australian scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration7 May (Entered basin) – 11 May
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min) 982 hPa (mbar)
See also: List of off-season Australian region tropical cyclones

The BoM detected a tropical low near Cocos Island on 6 May, and it was designated as 36U.[71] The JTWC reported in its first unofficial technical bulletin that the low pressure system was present in very warm waters (30 to 31 °C) and moved south-southwest a day after it formed.[72] On 7 May at 14:00 UTC, Karim entered the Australian region and BoM initiated advisories on the system as a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale.[13] On the morning of 9 May, the storm reached Category 2 unexpectedly, as the agency's forecasts, until then, did not indicate a more explicit intensification.[73] It dissipated on 11 May. Cyclone Karim was the strongest cyclone to exist entirely out of season since Cyclone Rhonda in 1997.

Tropical Low
Tropical low (Australian scale)
Subtropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration28 May – 31 May
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min) 1004 hPa (mbar)
See also: List of off-season Australian region tropical cyclones

A tropical low was formed out of season, according to the Bureau Of Meteorology. The disturbance was located near Christmas Island and was first noted on 28 May.[14] The JTWC classified the disturbance as subtropical in an unofficial bulletin and called it Invest 92S the next day.[74] On 30 May, the agency issued a short bulletin warning that the cyclone could directly hit the region of Pilbara in the west of the country.[75] Despite that, the low dissipated the next day.

Other systems

The Australian Bureau of Meteorology first noted the formation of a possible low-pressure system to the southwest of the island of Sumatra by 4 November.[76] This forecast was materialized when the BoM started to track a weak tropical low outside the Western Region on 9 November, while located at 400 kilometres (250 mi) to the north-northeast of the Cocos Islands.[77] It then entered the region by the next day while tracking slowly towards the island. Environmental conditions were analyzed to be unfavorable for further development and as such, the BoM only forecast a "very low" chance of the low becoming a tropical cyclone.[78] The tropical low then passed to the south of the archipelago before turning westwards and exiting the basin into the South-West Indian Ocean region by 14 November.[79][80][81]

On 26 December, a weak tropical low formed close to the Cocos Islands. It meandered over the same area and dissipated on 3 January.

On 22 January, a weak tropical low formed north of the Timor Sea.[82] It was moving east before it changed to west. The system was last noted on 25 January.[83]

On 23 January, the BoM reported that a tropical low had formed in the northwestern portion of the basin.[84][85] The system moved in a westward direction until it was last tracked on 25 January, when it had exited the basin and moved into the South-West Indian Ocean.[86] At its peak intensity in the Australian region, the BoM estimated the system's minimum atmospheric pressure as 1003 hPa.[87] The MFR began tracking the system, with the system intensifying into Moderate Tropical Storm Batsirai on 27 January.[88][89]

Storm names

Bureau of Meteorology

The Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC Melbourne) monitors all tropical cyclones that form within the Australian region, including any within the areas of responsibility of TCWC Jakarta or TCWC Port Moresby.[90] Should a tropical low reach tropical cyclone strength within the BoM's area of responsibility, it will be assigned the next name from the following naming list. The names that was used for 2021–22 season is listed below:

  • Vernon
  • Anika
  • Billy
  • Charlotte

TCWC Jakarta

TCWC Jakarta monitors Tropical Cyclones from the Equator to 11S and from 90E to 145E. Should a Tropical Depression reach Tropical Cyclone strength within TCWC Jakarta's Area of Responsibility then it will be assigned the next name from the following list.[90] The name that was used for 2021–22 season is listed below:

  • Teratai

TCWC Port Moresby

Tropical cyclones that develop north of 11°S between 151°E and 160°E are assigned names by the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Tropical cyclone formation in this area is rare, with no cyclones being named in it since 2007.[91] As names are assigned in a random order, the whole list is shown below:

  • Hibu (unused)
  • Ila (unused)
  • Kama (unused)
  • Lobu (unused)
  • Maila (unused)
  • Alu (unused)
  • Buri (unused)
  • Dodo (unused)
  • Emau (unused)
  • Fere (unused)

Tropical cyclones from other basins

If a tropical cyclone enters the Australian basin from the Southwest Indian region basin (east of 90°E), it will retain the name assigned to it by the Météo-France (MFR). The following storms were named in this manner:

  • Karim

Retirement
Main article: List of retired Australian region cyclone names

Later in 2022, the Bureau of Meteorology retired the name Seth, replacing it with Stafford due to the damage caused by it in Queensland.

Season effects
2021–22 Australian region cyclone season
Name Dates active Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(US$)		 Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
TL November 9 – 14 Tropical low Not specified 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) None None None
Paddy November 17 – 24 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) Christmas Island None None
03U November 22 – 28 Tropical low Not specified 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) None None None
Teratai November 30 – December 11 Category 1 tropical cyclone 65 km/h (40 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) Christmas Island None None
Ruby December 9 – 13 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km/h (70 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Solomon Islands, New Caledonia None None
06U December 13 – 15 Tropical low Not specified 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) None None None
Seth December 24, 2021 – January 6, 2022 Category 2 tropical cyclone 95 km/h (60 mph) 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) Northern Territory, Queensland $75 million 4 [48][92]
TL December 26, 2021 – January 3, 2022 Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
Tiffany January 8 – 17 Category 2 tropical cyclone 100 km/h (65 mph) 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Queensland, Northern Territory $36,000 7 [53]
11U January 13 – 14 Tropical low Not specified 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) None None None
TL January 22 – 25 Tropical low Not specified 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) None None None
Batsirai January 23 – 25 Tropical low Not specified 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) None None None
16U January 29 – February 3 Tropical low 65 km/h (40 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) None None None
14U January 30 – February 6 Tropical low Not specified 1003 hPa (29.62 inHg) Western Australia Unknown None
17U February 5 – 14 Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
18U (Dovi) February 5 – 6 Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
19U (Fezile) February 13 – 16 Tropical low 55 km/h (35 mph) 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) None None None
20U February 17 – 19 Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
Vernon February 23 – 26 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone 185 km/h (115 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) None None None
21U February 24 – March 1 Tropical low Not specified Not specified Northern Queensland None None
Anika February 24 – March 3 Category 2 tropical cyclone 95 km/h (60 mph) 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) Northern Territory, Western Australia Unknown None [93]
25U February 26 – 27 Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
26U February 27 – March 4 Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
Billy March 12 – 17 Category 2 tropical cyclone 95 km/h (60 mph) 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) None None None
Charlotte March 15 – 26 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone 165 km/h (105 mph) 956 hPa (28.23 inHg) Lesser Sunda Islands None None
30U March 30 – April 3 Tropical low 45 km/h (30 mph) 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) None None None
32U April 8 – 9 Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
33U April 16 – 19 Tropical low 45 km/h (30 mph) 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) Northern Territory None None
37U April 24 – 27 Tropical low 75 km/h (45 mph) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) None None None
34U April 25 – 29 Tropical low 65 km/h (40 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) None None None
Karim May 7 – 11 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km/h (70 mph) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) None None None
TL May 28 – 31 Tropical low Not specified 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) Christmas Island, Western Australia None None
Season aggregates
32 systemsNovember 9, 2021 – May 31, 2022185 km/h (115 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)$75 million11

See also

References
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