Kistin

Kistin (Chechen: кистӀий, Ingush: кистий) obsolete exoethnonym of all Nakh peoples. Later, under which local societies were designated, which were conditionally divided into distant Kistin (Chechens) and nearby Kistin (Ingush).[1][2][3][4][5] In Russian sources of the XVIII century. the ethnonym «Kists» applies to all Nakhs (I. Guldenshtedt). In the sources of the XIX century. By neighbors meant the inhabitants of the gorge of the river. Armkhi, and under the distant ones — the inhabitants of the upper reaches of the river. Argun, i.e. Chechens. In modern times, the Chechens-Kists, who compactly live in the Pankisi Gorge of Georgia, have retained the exonym for themselves.[6][7][8]

Map of the Kists. 1836
Kists (1858 map)

Deprecated values:

  1. A collective name for all Nakh peoples used by Georgians (especially Pshavs and Khevsurs) in the recent past.
  2. A collective name for all Nakh peoples, used by some writers and researchers of the Caucasus (I. A. Guldenshtedt, S. M. Bronevsky, P. P. Zubov) in the 18th-19th centuries.

History
Chechens Kistin. Southern part of Chechnya. Military topographic map of the Caucasus region, 1847

In 1795, when describing the peoples inhabiting Russia, the Kists are mentioned as follows: Kistin, or Kists, to the Kists, who are divided into different tracts of which it is known to exist: Chechens, Ingushevs and Karabulaks, they live along the Sunzha River, and in the middle mountains of the Caucasus.[9]

The historian of the Caucasus S. M. Bronevsky described the borders of the Kist lands as follows:[10]

The Kist lands stretch from the right, or eastern, bank of the Terek, which lies opposite the Ossetians, to the left bank of the Aksai, along the northern slope of the Caucasus, occupying from south to north part of the high slate mountains at the foot of the snowy ridge, part of the calcareous ridge, and finally, the advanced mountains even up to foothills to hilly valleys. They border to the northwest on Malaya Kabarda, separated by the Sunzha, and on a small part of the Kizlyar district, separated by the Terek; to the west with Ossetia, to the south with a high snowy ridge; to the east with Lezgistan and with the Aksaev Kumyks.

Number in 1859

Kistins (distant) live in the rocky gorges of the upper reaches of the river. Argun, including about 18,000 souls. This large tribe, partly did not recognize the power of Russia, but later was postponed, includes (Mithi, Maisty, Heldehroy, Shanty, Terel, Dyshny, Dzumsy, Chindaho, Khachuara and others) Kistins (neighbors) live in the gorges of the river. Makaldon, a tributary of the Terek, including about 1,300 souls. (Fiappinians, Dzheyrahtsy) – Military collections. Society statistics. Printing house of Karl Wulff, 1859. Saint Petersburg

Kistin districts
On the Malman map of 1846, the ridge is marked as Kisten Geb (Kistinsky Range)

Guldenstedt divided the Kistins into the following districts:[11]

  • District (Kachilik) Endre and Yakhsay
  • Achkingurt County
  • Ardahl County
  • Vapi County
  • Angusht County
  • Shalkha District
  • District of Chechen
  • Atahi District
  • Kulga District, or Dganti
  • Galgai County
  • Dshanti District
  • Chabrillo County
  • Shabet County
  • Chishrikaker District
  • Karabulak District
  • Meesti County
  • Meredji District
  • Galashka County
  • Duban County

References
  1. Chulkov, Zakharov, Kolpashnikov, Sablin, 1785
  2. Charles Wallencey, 1804, p. 13.
  3. Johann Christoph Adelung, 1806, p. 444.
  4. Statistics of 1859 on taipas and societies – Tallamash – Catalog of articles – Oramash
  5. Pauli Gustav-Fyodor Khristianovich. Ethnographic description of the peoples of Russia: [arch. September 27, 2020] = Description ethnographique des peuples de la Russie. - St. Petersburg: Type. F. Bellizard, 1862. - T. IV. — 310 p.
  6. Zhdanov Yu.A. Encyclopedia of cultures of the peoples of the South of Russia: Peoples of the South of Russia. - Rostov-on-Don: North Caucasian Scientific Center of Higher Education (SKNTS VSh), 2005. - V. 1. - P. 148.
  7. Elfimov V.O. Regional features of customary law (adat) of the Chechens of the XVXX centuries.
  8. Alexey Golovlev. Essays on Chechnya: nature, population, recent history. Vector-S, 2007 - p. 295
  9. Narrative land survey. Part II // The latest narrative earth-le description of all four parts of the world, as well as a statistical description of the Russian Empire, at the end of the image of the governor's uniforms. - 1795, Ch. XII - S. 107.
  10. Bronevsky Semyon Mikhailovich. The latest geographical and historical news about the Caucasus. - M: Type. S. Selivanovsky, 1823. - T. 2. - S. 151. - 310 p.
  11. Gildenstedt, Journey through the Caucasus

Bibliography
  • Charles Vallencey. Collectanea de Rebus Hibernicis (англ.). — Dublin: Graisberry and Campbell, 1804. — Vol. VI. — 480 p.
  • Johann Gottfried Eichhorn. Geschichte der Litteratur, von ihrem Anfang bis auf die neuesten Zeiten (нем.). — Göttingen: Bey Vandenhoek und Ruprecht, 1807. — Bd. 6. — 678 S.
  • Johann Christoph Adelung. Mithridates, oder allgemeine Sprachenkunde mit dem Vater Unser als Sprachprobe in beynahe fünfhundert Sprachen und Mundarten (нем.). — Berlin: In der Vossischen Buchandlung, 1806. — 686 S.
  • Sir Richard Phillips. A Geographical View of the World: Embracing the Manners, Customs, and Pursuits, of Every Nation; Founded on the Best Authorities (англ.). — New York: E. Hopkins and W. Reed, 1826. — 406 p.
  • Butkov P. G. Opinion about the book: Slavic antiquities // Three ancient treaties of the Russians with the Norwegians and the Swedes. — St. Petersburg: Printing house of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1837. — 398 p.
  • Caucasian Territory // Military Statistical Review of the Russian Empire: published by the highest order at the 1st branch of the Department of the General Staff. — St. Petersburg: Printing house of the Department of the General Staff, 1851. — T. 16. Part 1. — 274 p.
  • Chulkov M.D., Zakharov A., Kolpashnikov A.Ya., Sablin N.Ya. Historical description of Russian commerce at all ports and borders from ancient times to the present and all the predominant legalizations on this sovereign, Emperor Peter the Great and now safely reigning Empress Empress Catherine the Great / M. D. Chulkov. - M .: University printing house at N. Novikov, 1785. - T. II. — 674 p.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.