Malwai dialect

Malwai is a Punjabi dialect spoken in the Malwa region of Punjab. Major Malwai speaking centers are Ferozepur, Fazilka, Faridkot, Muktsar,[note 1] Moga, Bathinda, Sangrur, Barnala, Mansa districts and Jagraon, Raikot and Ludhiana (West) tehsils of Ludhiana district.[note 2] In Pakistan, it is spoken in Vehari district of Punjab by the communities migrated from Indian Punjab after Partition 1947. Many Malwai speakers also live in Dabwali, Kalanwali and Rania tehsils of Sirsa district of Haryana, India; the Jakhal and Ratia tehsils of Fatehabad district of Haryana, India; and the Sri Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts of Rajasthan, India.

Not to be confused with the Malvi language of Rajasthan.
Malwai
ملوئی بولی, ਮਲਵਈ ਬੋਲੀ
Native toIndia, Pakistan
RegionMalwa region of Punjab
EthnicityMalwai Punjabis
Indo-European
Early form
Gurmukhī
Shahmukhi
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
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Although the characteristic distinction among the various dialects of Punjabi language lies in the speech pattern, the Malwai dialect most notably differs from the other dialects through its distinctive 'ū' (ਊ) sound in all future-tense verb endings.

Verb Conjugation Differences
Standard Punjabi Malwai Dialect
āvegā āūgā
āvegī āūgī
āvoge āūŋge
pīvegā pīūgā
pīvegī pīūgī
pīvoge pīūŋge

Another notable difference is that where other Punjabi dialects have an 'L' sound, in Malwai many of those words are pronounced with an 'R' (ਰ) or 'ɭ̆' (ਲ਼) instead. For example: 

            Majhi dialect  1(ghaddi khalarna), 2 (banda khalota). 
            Malwai dialect 1(ghaddi kharaona), 2 (banda kharota).

The following peculiarities in vocabulary are also observed:

English Standard Punjabi Malwai
Gurmukhi Shahmukhi Gurmukhi Shahmukhi
He will come. ਉਹ ਆਵੇਗਾ اوہ آویگا ਉਹ ਆਊਗਾ اوہ آؤگا
I am coming. ਮੈਂ ਆ ਰਿਹਾ ਹਾਂ میں آ رہا آں ਮੈਂ ਆਈ ਜਾਨਾਂ। میں آئی جاناں۔
He is coming. ਉਹ ਆ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ اوہ آ رہا اے ਉਹ ਆਈ ਜਾਂਦੈ। اوہ آئی جاندا۔
To lift/to pick (up) ਚੁੱਕਣਾ چُکنا ਚੱਕਣਾ چَکنا
To uproot/to dig (out) ਪੁੱਟਣਾ پُٹنا ਪੱਟਣਾ پَٹنا
Your ਤੁਹਾਡਾ تَہاڈا ਥੋਡਾ/ਸੋਡਾ تُہاڈا
(My/your/his/her) own ਆਪਣਾ اپنا ਆਵਦਾ آودا
By me/from me ਮੇਰੇ ਤੋਂ/ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲੋਂ میرے توں/میرے کولوں ਮੈਥੋਂ میتھوں
By you/from you ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਤੋਂ/ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਕੋਲੋਂ/ਤਾਡਾ تہاڈے توں/تہاڈے کولوں/تاڈا ਥੋਤੋਂ تُہاتھوں
Camel ਊਠ اُوٹھ ਉੱਠ اُٹھ
Son ਪੁੱਤਰ پُتر ਪੁੱਤ پُت
Friend ਮਿੱਤਰ یار/مِتر ਮਿੱਤ بیلی
Urine ਮੂਤਰ مُوتَر ਮੂਤ مُوت
Dew drop ਤ੍ਰੇਲ਼ تریل ਤੇਲ਼ تیل

Also, in contrast with Majhi dialect, 'ਹ' is not tonal. Exceptions are encountered when 'ਹ'/'ہ' is not followed by a schwa ending or a vowel sound, as in, ਕਹਿਣਾ, ਰਹਿ, ਘਾਹ / ۔کہنا، رہِ، گھاہ

Notes
  1. The language spoken in some southern villages of Fazilka, Muktsar and Bahawalnagar districts forms a dialect continuum with Bagri language, which is classified as a dialect of Rajasthani language.
  2. The Punjabi spoken in eastern tehsils of Ludhiana district (Ludhiana (East), Payal, Khanna and Samrala) forms a dialect continuum with Pwadhi dialect.

See also

References
  1. Haldar, Gopal (2000). Languages of India. New Delhi: National Book Trust, India. p. 149. ISBN 9788123729367. The age of Old Punjabi: up to 1600 A.D. […] It is said that evidence of Old Punjabi can be found in the Granth Sahib.
  2. Bhatia, Tej K. (2013). Punjabi: A Cognitive-Descriptive Grammar (Reprint ed.). London: Routledge. p. XXV. ISBN 9781136894602. As an independent language Punjabi has gone through the following three stages of development: Old Punjabi (10th to 16th century). Medieval Punjabi (16th to 19th century), and Modern Punjabi (19th century to Present).
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