Mannadiyar

Mannadiar (or Mannadiyar)Mannadiar (or Mannadiyar) kshathriya Nair caste Palakkad region of Kerala Palakkad, kodikanal, Tamilnadu, Palayakottai,Erode,Tamilnadu. A majority of Mannadiars are land owners, agriculture being their traditional occupation, ranging from farmers to large feudal landlords (jenmis). They had relocated from Tamil Nadu and had been given land by the then king of Palakkad. Also, some of them are engaged in retail and wholesale trading businesses in Palakkad. They trace their origin from Kongu Vellalars who were moved to the Chera country when the Chera prince married a princess of the Chola Dynasty. The house (tharavad) of Mannadiars is called "Mannattu" like Illams for Namboothiris,Kongu vellalars often use surnames such as Mandradiar, Gounder, Goundan, Vanavarayar, Kalingarayar etc.

Etymology

Mannadiar is an honorific title possessed by ancient landlords. The word is rooted from Mun or Maṇṇú (earth) and Nēṭiyavar or uṭayōr (lords, Jenmi or earners) clubbed to form Mannadiars.[1]

History

According to epigraphical and literary evidence there was marriage of a Chola princess into the Chera royal family, and the subsequent movement of 8,000 Kongu Vellalars to Chera Nadu. Recorded in the Mezhi Vilakkam are the landed rights of Vellalas in Kochi, Kollam, Kozhikode and Palakkad. C. M. Ramachandra Chettiar wrote of a Kongu-Chera war about 1,000 years ago after which Kongu generals stayed back in Chera Nadu.now [2]

It is believed the Mannadiyars were descendants of these Kongu Vellalars.[3] Mannadiyars and Kongu Vellalars were both disciples of the Melmatam in Perur. The Tamil palm leaf manuscripts in the possession of Mannadiyars, traditions like the Kamba Ramayana, and similar village names between Kongu Nadu and Palakkad etc.[4] further support this theory.

Religion

Mannadiars identify themselves belonging to Kshatriya varna. Majority of them are Vaishnavites [5] and Saivites, where as lord Devendran vajra the rain god basically they are former and lord Murugan (or Karthikeya), Durga (Parashakti) and Ayyappa are also worshiped.

The serpent is also worshipped by Mannadiar families (mostly in Valluvanad areas) as a guardian of the clan. The worship of snakes, a Dravidian custom,[6] is so prevalent in the area that one anthropologist notes: "In no part of the world is snake worship more general than in Kerala."[7] Serpent groves (Pāmpin Kāvú) were found in the southwestern corner of Many of the Mannadiar Tharavad compound and Sarpa Pooja will be performed once a year by the family members.

Traditions and customs

Marriage customs


The community has its own style of marriage ceremony. The ceremony is led by person called an Arumbukarar or Arumaikkarar, who must be married and should have children.[18] The engagement ceremony takes place at the bride's house, with the maternal uncles of both groom and birde present, where fruit and betel leaf are tied in the girl's clothes. On the day of the wedding, the groom is shaven, and a karumaikkarari pours water on his head. If he has a sister, he performs a betrothal ceremony for his daughter to her son. He then goes on horseback to a nattukal with fruit and a pestle and worships it. The stone is said to represent the Kongu king and the worship is a symbolic request for permission of the marriage, as in the old days the king was supposed to give permission for every marriage. On his return, balls of white and coloured rice are taken around the bridegroom and his mother feeds him 3 mouthfuls of food. This indicates she will no longer feed him and he is going out into the world on his own. A barber then blesses him and they go to the bride's house on horseback, where they are met by someone from the bride's party similarly mounted. The groom then gives his earrings to the bride, and they are carried on their respective maternal uncles to the nattukal. When they return, they are touched by an arumaikkarar with a betel leaf dipped on oil, milk and water. They worship the thaali and the arumaikkaran ties it around the bride's neck.[19] Then he and the barber sing a long song composed by poet-saint Kambar, called "Mangala Valthu", speaking of the glory of marriage.[20] Then the little fingers of bride and groom and linked, milk is poured over them, and separated. In the wedding ceremony, the brother of the bride and sister of the groom play significant roles.[21]

Widow remarriage was forbidden at the turn of the 20th century, and those who had intimate relations with widows were ostracised. The punishment was lifted if the widow consented to the man leaving her, the man provided the widow with sufficient means to live herself, and the man providing a feast to his family by killing a black sheep.[19]

See also

References

  1. "Census of India, 1961, Volume 7" P. 20
  2. Krishnamachari, Suganthi (30 April 2020). "Inscriptions talk of fascinating Kongu connection". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  3. Krishnamachari, Suganthi (30 April 2020). "Inscriptions talk of fascinating Kongu connection". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  4. Krishnamachari, Suganthi (30 April 2020). "Inscriptions talk of fascinating Kongu connection". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  5. "Kerala District Gazetteers: Palghat" P. 162
  6. K. Balachandran Nayar (1974). In quest of Kerala. Accent Publications. p. 85. Retrieved 3 June 2011. The Dravidian people of Kerala were serpent worshippers.
  7. L. A. Krishna Iyer (1968). Social history of Kerala. Book Centre Publications. p. 104. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
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