Quercus calliprinos

Palestine oak
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fagales
Family:	Fagaceae
Genus:	Quercus
Subgenus:	Quercus subg. Quercus
Section:	Quercus sect. Cerris
Species:	Q. calliprinos
Binomial name
	Quercus calliprinos; Webb

Quercus calliprinos is an oak classified as part of the Ilex section of the genus[2] growing in the Mediterranean climate zone, mainly on limestone, in mid-elevations, often dominating the flora, alongside terebinths (Pistacia terebinthus).[3].

It is native to eastern Mediterranean region and southwest Asia, and grows in the Levant, North Africa to Anatolia and further eastwards. In Israel it is called the common oak (Hebrew: אלון מצוי, IPA: [a'lon ma'tsuj]) or the Palestine oak.

Quercus calliprinos was described by Webb in 1838. The name calliprinos derives from Ancient Greek, and means ‘beautiful oak’: κάλλος (kallos) = beauty + πρῖνος (prinos) a name for Holm Oak (Q. ilex). The common name Sindian Oak derives from the local Palestinian name (Stapf 1920).

Description

Quercus calliprinos is a small to medium-sized tree or large shrub reaching 5–18 metres (16–59 feet) tall (often only 1–3 m tall where heavily browsed by goats) and 1 m in trunk diameter. It is evergreen, with spiny-serrated leaves 3–5 centimetres (1+1⁄4–2 inches) long and 1.5–3 cm broad. The acorns are 3–4 cm long and 2–3 cm diameter when mature (about 18 months after pollination), held in a cup covered in dense, elongated, reflexed scales.

Quercus calliprinos is closely related to the Kermes oak (Q. coccifera) of the western Mediterranean, and is treated as a subspecies or variety of it by some botanists. The Kermes oak is distinguished from it by its smaller size (usually shrubby, not over 10 m or 33 ft) and smaller acorns less than 2 cm diameter.

leaves and acorns

References

Palestine Oak in "Wildflowers of Israel"

Gorener, V.; Barstow, M.; Harvey-Brown, Y. (2018). "Quercus calliprinos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min; Hipp, Andrew L. (2017), Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier; Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.), "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns", Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L., Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 13–38, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2, ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5, retrieved 2022-11-16
Zohary, M. "The maquis of Quercus calliprinos in Israel, Palestine, and Jordan." Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 9.2 (1960): 51-72.

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[iucn_status-1] Gorener, V.; Barstow, M.; Harvey-Brown, Y. (2018). "Quercus calliprinos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2023.

[2] Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min; Hipp, Andrew L. (2017), Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio; Peguero-Pina, José Javier; Sancho-Knapik, Domingo (eds.), "An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the Oaks: Review of Previous Taxonomic Schemes and Synthesis of Evolutionary Patterns", Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L., Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 13–38, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69099-5_2, ISBN 978-3-319-69099-5, retrieved 2022-11-16

[3] Zohary, M. "The maquis of Quercus calliprinos in Israel, Palestine, and Jordan." Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 9.2 (1960): 51-72.