Charles de Gaulle Airport

The planning and construction phase of what was known then as Aéroport de Paris Nord (Paris North Airport)[8] began in 1966. On 8 March 1974 the airport, renamed Charles de Gaulle Airport, opened. Terminal 1 was built in an avant-garde design of a ten-floors-high circular building surrounded by seven satellite buildings, each with six gates allowing sunlight to enter through apertures. The main architect was Paul Andreu, who was also in charge of the extensions during the following decades.

Following the introduction of the brand Paris Aéroport to all its Parisian airports, Groupe ADP also announced major changes for the Charles de Gaulle Airport: Terminals of the Satellite 1 will be merged, as well as terminals 2B and 2D. A new luggage automated sorting system and conveyor under Terminal 2E Hall L was installed to speed luggage delivery time for airlines operating Paris-Charles de Gaulle's hub. The CDG Express, the direct express rail link from Paris to Charles de Gaulle Airport, is planned for completion by 2023.[9]

The Frutiger typeface was commissioned for use in the airport and implemented on signs throughout the building in 1975. Initially called Roissy, it was renamed after its designer Adrian Frutiger.

Until 2005, every PA announcement made at Terminal 1 was preceded by a distinctive chime, nicknamed "Indicatif Roissy" and composed by Bernard Parmegiani in 1971. The chime can be heard in the Roman Polanski film Frantic. The chime was officially replaced by the "Indicatif ADP" chime.

On 14 April 2016, the Groupe ADP rolled out the Connect 2020 corporate strategy and the commercial brand Paris Aéroport was applied to all Parisian airports, including Le Bourget airport.[10]

The first terminal, designed by Paul Andreu, was built in the image of an octopus. It consists of a circular terminal building which houses key functions such as check-in counters and baggage claim conveyors. Seven satellites with boarding gates are connected to the central building by underground walkways.

The central building, with a large skylight in its centre, dedicates each floor to a single function. The first floor is reserved for technical operations and not accessible to the public. The second floor contains shops and restaurants, the CDGVAL inter-terminal shuttle train platforms (for Terminal 2 and trains to central Paris) and check-in counters from a recent renovation. The majority of check-in counters, however, are located on the third floor, which also has access to taxi stands, bus stops and special pick-up vehicles. Departing passengers with valid boarding passes can reach the fourth floor, which houses duty-free stores and border control posts, for the boarding gates. The fifth floor contains baggage claim conveyors for arriving passengers. All four upper floors have assigned areas for parking and airline offices.

Passages between the third, fourth and fifth floors are provided by a tangle of escalators arranged through the centre of the building. These escalators are suspended over the central court. Each escalator is covered with a transparent tube to shelter from all weather conditions. These escalators were often used in film shootings (e.g. The Last Gang of Ariel Zeitoun). The Alan Parsons Project album I Robot features these escalators on its cover.

Terminal 1 is used by the majority of the Star Alliance airlines except Croatia Airlines (Terminal 2B) and Air China, Ethiopian Airlines, EVA Air, Thai Airways International (all Terminal 2E) along with Oneworld's long haul airlines except American Airlines (Terminal 2B) and Japan Airlines (Terminal 2E). Other airlines include SkyTeam member Saudia, Heathrow Terminal 2 non-aligned airlines Aer Lingus, Eurowings, Icelandair, and Sky Express and non-aligned airlines Azores Airlines, Bulgaria Air, Emirates, Etihad Airways, Kuwait Airways and Oman Air. Cyprus Airways also began operations from the terminal when it reopened.

Prior to the pandemic, Terminal 1 was primarily used by the majority Star Alliance members that used CDG except Air Canada (Terminal 2A), Air India (Terminal 2C), Austrian Airlines (Terminal 2D), Croatia Airlines (Terminal 2D) and Ethiopian Airlines (Terminal 2A). Other airlines included Oneworld members Air Berlin (defunct since 2017), LATAM Brasil and Qatar Airways, non-aligned airlines Aer Lingus, Azores Airlines, Eurowings, Icelandair, Kuwait Airways, Royal Air Maroc, and lost-cost airline WOW Air (defunct since 2019).

Terminal 1 was closed on 30 March 2020 for two years as several terminals were made redundant during the COVID-19 pandemic. It remained closed for renovation work and reopened on 1 December 2022. The first airlines to move into the terminal was the Lufthansa group (Terminal 2D previous operator Austrian Airlines, Brussels Airlines, Eurowings, Lufthansa, and Swiss International Air Lines) on 1 December 2022 followed by Aegean Airlines, Icelandair, LOT Polish Airlines, Norwegian Air Shuttle and SAS on 2 December 2022. The terminal houses 36 airlines including airlines that previously operated from Terminals 2A and 2C.

Terminal 2 is spread across seven sub-terminals: 2A to 2G. Terminals 2A to 2F are connected by inter-terminal walkways, but Terminal 2G is a satellite building 800 m (0.5 mi) away. Terminal 2G can only be accessed by shuttle bus from Terminals 1, 2A to 2F and 3. The CDGVAL inter-terminal shuttle train, Paris RER Regional-Express and high-speed TGV rail station, Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV, is located within the Terminal 2 complex and between 2C and 2E (on one side) or 2D and 2F (on the opposite side).

Terminal 2F was used for the filming of the music video for the U2 song "Beautiful Day". The band also had their picture taken inside Terminal 2F for the album artwork of their 2000 album All That You Can't Leave Behind.

Air France and all other SkyTeam and Oneworld's short haul carriers are currently the main operator of Terminal 2 with the exception of Saudia since 13 January 2023. Several other airlines that are not SkyTeam or Oneworld short haul members also use this terminal including Star Alliance members Air China, Croatia Airlines, Ethiopian Airlines, EVA Air, and Thai Airways International, Oneworld long haul members American Airlines and Japan Airlines, easyJet and all other non-aligned airlines that are not at Terminal 1 or are not low cost/charter airlines.

Prior to the pandemic, Terminal 2 was used by Air France along with all SkyTeam and Oneworld airlines. Several other airlines used the terminal including Star Alliance members Air Canada, Air India, Austrian Airlines, Croatia Airlines and Ethiopian Airlines, easyJet and all other non-aligned airlines that did not operate from Terminal 1 or not lost-cost/charter airlines. However, Air Canada, Air India and Austrian Airlines had moved back to Terminal 1 between 1 December 2022 and 13 January 2023 with all other Star Alliance members.

Collapsed Terminal 2E, June 2004

Map of terminal 2 various halls

On 23 May 2004, shortly after the inauguration of terminal 2E, a portion of it collapsed near Gate E50, killing four people.[11] Two of the dead were reported to be Chinese citizens, one Czech and the other Lebanese.[12] Three other people were injured in the collapse. Terminal 2E had been inaugurated in 2003 after some delays in construction and was designed by Paul Andreu. Administrative and judicial enquiries were started. Andreu also designed Terminal 3 at Dubai International Airport, which collapsed while under construction on 28 September 2004.

Before this accident, ADP had been planning for an initial public offering in 2005 with the new terminal as a major attraction for investors. The partial collapse and indefinite closing of the terminal just before the beginning of summer seriously hurt the airport's business plan.

In February 2005, the results from the administrative inquiry were published. The experts pointed out that there was no single fault, but rather a number of causes for the collapse, in a design that had little margin for safety. The inquiry found the concrete vaulted roof was not resilient enough and had been pierced by metallic pillars and some openings weakened the structure. Sources close to the inquiry also disclosed that the whole building chain had worked as close to the limits as possible, so as to reduce costs. Paul Andreu denounced the building companies for having not correctly prepared the reinforced concrete.

On 17 March 2005, ADP decided to tear down and rebuild the whole part of Terminal 2E (the "jetty") of which a section had collapsed, at a cost of approximately €100 million.[13] The reconstruction replaced the innovative concrete tube style of the jetty with a more traditional steel and glass structure. During reconstruction, two temporary departure lounges were constructed in the vicinity of the terminal that replicated the capacity of 2E before the collapse. The terminal reopened completely on 30 March 2008.

Terminal 2, former display screen

Air France aircraft on stands at Terminal 2F at Charles de Gaulle Airport.

Terminal 2G, dedicated to regional Air France and HOP! flights and its affiliates, opened in 2008. This terminal is to the east of all terminals and can only be reached by shuttle bus. Terminal 2G is used for passengers flying in the Schengen Area (and thus has no passport control) and handles Air France regional and European traffic and provides small-capacity planes (up to 150 passengers) with a faster turnaround time than is currently possible by enabling them to park close to the new terminal building and boarding passengers primarily by bus, or walking. A bus line called "navette orange" connects the terminal 2G inside the security check area with terminals 2E and 2F. Passengers transferring to other terminals need to continue their trip with other bus shuttles within the security check area if they do not need to get their bags.

The completion of 750 m (2,460 ft) long Satellite 3 (or S3) to the immediate east of Terminals 2E and 2F provides further jetways for large-capacity airliners, specifically the Airbus A380. Check-in and baggage handling are provided by the existing infrastructure in Terminals 2E and 2F. Satellite 3 was opened in part on 27 June 2007 and fully operational in September 2007. It corresponds now to gates L of terminal 2E.

The satellite S4, adjacent to the S3 and part of terminal 2E, officially opened on 28 June 2012. It corresponds now to gates M of terminal 2E. Dedicated to long-haul flights, it has the ability to handle 16 aircraft at the same time, with an expected capacity of 7.8 million passengers per year. Its opening has led to the relocation of all SkyTeam airlines to terminals 2E (for international carriers), 2F (for Schengen European carriers) and 2G.

Air France has moved all of its operations previously located at 2C to 2E. In October 2012, 2F closed its international operations and became completely Schengen, allowing for all Air France flights currently operating in 2D to relocate to terminal 2F.

Further, in April 2013, Terminal 2B closed for a complete renovation (all airlines relocated to 2D) and received upgrades including the addition of a second floor completely dedicated to arrivals. Terminal 2B reopened on 2 June 2021 for the use of the Lufthansa group (including Austrian Airlines, who previously used Terminal 2D before the pandemic), Aegean Airlines, easyJet, Icelandair, LOT Polish Airlines, Norwegian Air Shuttle, Play, and Scandinavian Airlines. Low-cost carrier EasyJet has shown its interest in being the sole carrier at 2B.[14] To facilitate connections, a new boarding area between 2A and 2C was opened in March 2012. It allows for all security and passport control to be handled in a single area, allows for many new shopping opportunities as well as new airline lounges, and eases transfer restrictions between 2A and 2C.

2D is closed and is receiving similar upgrades, including the addition of a new floor. All airlines operating at Terminal 2D were moved to Terminal 2B. Terminals 2A and 2C are closed for baggage renovation system for 18 months. All airlines operating from either Terminal 2A or 2C were relocated to Terminal 1. Terminal 2A and 2C are expected to reopen on July 2024.

According to La Tribune, a new Terminal 4 was to be built around 2025, when Charles de Gaulle Airport's maximum capacity of 80 million would have been reached. This new Terminal 4, when constructed, would have been able to accommodate 30–40 million passengers per year and would have likely been built north of Terminal 2E.[15] The Terminal 4 proposal was cancelled in 2021, after reduced traffic from the COVID-19 pandemic and new environmental regulations made it unfeasible.[16]

Terminal 3 is located 1 km (0.62 mi) away from Terminal 1. It consists of one single building for arrivals and departures. The walking distance between Terminals 1 and 3 is 3 km (1.9 mi) long, however, the rail station (named as "CDG Airport Terminal 1") for RER and CDGVAL trains are only at a distance of 300 m (980 ft). Terminal 3 has no boarding gates constructed and all passengers are ferried via boarding buses to the aircraft stands.

As of 13 January 2023, Charles de Gaulle's three terminals are assigned as the following:

The airport's terminals are served by a free automated shuttle rail system, consisting of two lines (CDGVAL and LISA).

CDGVAL (Charles de Gaulle Véhicule Automatique Léger, English: Charles de Gaulle light automatic vehicle) links Terminal 1, parking lot PR, Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1 RER station (located inside Roissypôle and next to Terminal 3), Parking lot PX, and the Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV and RER station located between Terminals 2C, 2D, 2E, and 2F

LISA (Liaison Interne Satellite Aérogare, English: Connection internal satellite terminal) links Terminal 2E to the Satellite S3 (L Gates) and Satellite S4 (M Gates).

Charles de Gaulle Airport is connected to central Paris by the RER B, a hybrid suburban commuter and rapid transit line. The service has two stations on the airport grounds:[74]

• Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1 station, located inside Roissypôle and next to Terminal 3. The station provides the fastest access to Terminal 1 via a connection on CDGVAL.
• Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV station, located between Terminals 2C, 2D, 2E, and 2F.

During most times, there are two types of services that operate on the RER B between Charles de Gaulle airport and Paris:

• 4 trains per hour making all stops between Charles de Gaulle airport and Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse
• 4 trains per hour that offer non-stop express service between Charles de Gaulle airport and Gare du Nord and then all stops to Massy–Palaiseau

The express RER B service only stops at the Terminal 1 (also for Terminal 3) and Terminal 2 stations before Gare du Nord. Journey time is 30–35 minutes. The all-stops RER B service takes about 35–40 minutes and is sometimes overtaken by the express RER B trains.

The RER B has historically suffered from slowness and overcrowding, so French authorities are building CDG Express, a train service that will operate non-stop from Charles de Gaulle Airport to Paris Gare de l'Est railway station (next to Gare du Nord) starting in 2025.[75]

Terminal 2 includes a TGV station on the LGV Interconnexion Est line. TGV inOui, Ouigo and Thalys high-speed services operate from the station offering services to stations across France and into Belgium and The Netherlands.

• Roissybus offers non-stop express service between Opéra station of the Paris Métro and Charles de Gaulle airport, making stops at all terminals (except 2G).
• "Magical Shuttle" offers non-stop express service between Disneyland Paris and Charles de Gaulle airport, making stops at Terminal 1 and Terminal 2E/2F.
• RATP bus 350 offers local (all-stops) service between Gare de l'Est/Gare du Nord in Paris and Charles de Gaulle airport, all terminals (except 2G) and other areas of the airport.
• RATP bus 351 offers local service between Nation station in Paris, the Eurolines station at Gallieni station, all terminals (except 2G) and other areas of the airport.
• Noctilien routes N140 and N143 offers local service during the overnight hours between Gare de l'Est/Gare du Nord in Paris and Charles de Gaulle airport, all terminals (except 2G) and other areas of the airport.

BlaBlaBus, Eurolines, and Flixbus all offer services to international and domestic destinations from the bus station outside of the Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 1 RER station.

Charles de Gaulle Airport is directly connected to Autoroute A1 which connects Paris and Lille.