Bahasa Amhar
Bahasa Amhar (አማርኛ) ialah bahasa nasional Etiopia yang diucapkan oleh 21 juta orang yang mana 14 juta di antaranya ialah penutur asli. Ditulis menggunakan sistem tulisan yang disebut fidel atau abugida, diambil dari tulisan untuk menuliskan bahasa Ge'ez yang kini lenyap.
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| Bahasa Amhar | |
|---|---|
| አማርኛ (Amarəñña) | |
| Pelafalan | [amarɨɲːa] |
| Dituturkan di | Etiopia |
| Etnis | Amhara |
| Alfabet Ge'ez (Daftar suku kata Amharik) Braille Ge'ez | |
| Tanda Bahasa Amhar[1] | |
| Status resmi | |
Bahasa resmi di |  Etiopia |
| Diatur oleh | Akademi Imperial (sebelumnya) |
| Kode bahasa | |
| ISO 639-1 | am |
| ISO 639-2 | amh |
| ISO 639-3 | amh |
| Glottolog | amha1245[2] |
| Linguasfer | 12-ACB-a |
Sistem penulisan
Di bawah inilah huruf fidel atau abugida buat menuliskan bahasa Amhar.
| ä | u | i | a | e | ə | o | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p | ፐ | ፑ | ፒ | ፓ | ፔ | ፕ | ፖ |
| t | ተ | ቱ | ቲ | ታ | ቴ | ት | ቶ |
| c | ቸ | ቹ | ቺ | ቻ | ቼ | ች | ቾ |
| k | ከ | ኩ | ኪ | ካ | ኬ | ክ | ኮ |
| ኸ | ኹ | ኺ | ኻ | ኼ | ኽ | ኾ | |
| b | በ | ቡ | ቢ | ባ | ቤ | ብ | ቦ |
| d | ደ | ዱ | ዲ | ዳ | ዴ | ድ | ዶ |
| J | ጀ | ጁ | ጂ | ጃ | ጄ | ጅ | ጆ |
| g | ገ | ጉ | ጊ | ጋ | ጌ | ግ | ጎ |
| p’ | ጰ | ጱ | ጲ | ጳ | ጴ | ጵ | ጶ |
| t’ | ጠ | ጡ | ጢ | ጣ | ጤ | ጥ | ጦ |
| c’ | ጨ | ጩ | ጪ | ጫ | ጬ | ጭ | ጮ |
| k’ | ቀ | ቁ | ቂ | ቃ | ቄ | ቅ | ቆ |
| 7 | አ | ኡ | ኢ | ኣ | ኤ | እ | ኦ |
| ts’ | ጸ | ጹ | ጺ | ጻ | ጼ | ጽ | ጾ |
| f | ፈ | ፉ | ፊ | ፋ | ፌ | ፍ | ፎ |
| s | ሰ | ሱ | ሲ | ሳ | ሴ | ስ | ሶ |
| S | ሸ | ሹ | ሺ | ሻ | ሼ | ሽ | ሾ |
| h | ሀ | ሁ | ሂ | ሃ | ሄ | ህ | ሆ |
| ሐ | ሑ | ሒ | ሓ | ሔ | ሕ | ሖ | |
| z | ዘ | ዙ | ዚ | ዛ | ዜ | ዝ | ዞ |
| Z | ዠ | ዡ | ዢ | ዣ | ዤ | ዥ | ዦ |
| m | መ | ሙ | ሚ | ማ | ሜ | ም | ሞ |
| n | ነ | ኑ | ኒ | ና | ኔ | ን | ኖ |
| ñ | ኘ | ኙ | ኚ | ኛ | ኜ | ኝ | ኞ |
| w | ወ | ዉ | ዊ | ዋ | ዌ | ው | ዎ |
| l | ለ | ሉ | ሊ | ላ | ሌ | ል | ሎ |
| j | የ | ዩ | ዪ | ያ | ዬ | ይ | ዮ |
| r | ረ | ሩ | ሪ | ራ | ሬ | ር | ሮ |
Rujukan
- Morgan, Mike (9 April 2010). "Complexities of Ethiopian Sign Language Contact Phenomena & Implications for AAU". l'Alliance française et le Centre Français des Etudes Ethiopiennes. Diakses tanggal 3 June 2017.
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, ed. (2019). "Amharic". Glottolog 4.1. Jena, Jerman: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Tata bahasa
- Abraham, Roy Clive (1968). The Principles of Amharic. Occasional Publication / Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan. [rewritten version of 'A modern grammar of spoken Amharic', 1941]
- Afevork Ghevre Jesus (1905) Grammatica della lingua amarica. Roma.
- Amsalu Aklilu & Demissie Manahlot (1990) T'iru ye'Amarinnya Dirset 'Indet Yale New! (An Amharic grammar, in Amharic)
- Appleyard, David (1994) Colloquial Amharic, Routledge ISBN 0-415-10003-8
- Bennet, M.E. (1978) Stratificational Approaches to Amharic Phonology. PhD thesis, Ann Arbor: Michigan State University.
- Cohen, Marcel (1936) Traité de langue amharique. Paris.
- Dawkins, C. H. (¹1960, ²1969) The Fundamentals of Amharic. Addis Ababa.
- Kapeliuk, Olga (1988) Nominalization in Amharic. Stuttgart: F. Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden. ISBN 3-515-04512-0
- Kapeliuk, Olga (1994) Syntax of the noun in Amharic. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03406-8.
- Leslau, Wolf (1995) Reference Grammar of Amharic. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. ISBN 3-447-03372-X
- Ludolf, Hiob (1698) Grammatica Linguæ Amharicæ. Frankfort.
- Praetorius, Franz (1879) Die amharische Sprache. Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses.
Kamus
- Abbadie, Antoine d' (1881) Dictionnaire de la langue amariñña. Actes de la Société philologique, t. 10. Paris.
- Amsalu Aklilu (1973) English-Amharic dictionary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-572264-7
- Baeteman, J. (1929) Dictionnaire amarigna-français. Diré-Daoua
- Gankin, É. B. (1969) Amxarsko-russkij slovar'. Pod redaktsiej Kassa Gäbrä Heywät. Moskva: Izdatel'stvo `Sovetskaja Éntsiklopedija'.
- Guidi, I. (1901) Vocabolario amarico-italiano. Roma.
- Guidi, I. (1940) Supplemento al Vocabolario amarico-italiano. (compilato con il concorso di Francesco Gallina ed Enrico Cerulli) Roma.
- Kane, Thomas L. (1990) Amharic-English Dictionary. (2 vols.) Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-02871-8
- Leslau, Wolf (1976) Concise Amharic Dictionary. (Reissue edition: 1996) Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-20501-4
- Täsämma Habtä Mikael Gəṣṣəw (1953 Ethiopian calendar) Käsate Bərhan Täsämma. Yä-Amarəñña mäzgäbä qalat. Addis Ababa: Artistic.
- Laura Lykowska (1998) Gramatyka jezyka Amharskiego Wydawnictwo Akademickie Dialog.
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