Emmett Till
Emmett Louis Till (25 Juli 1941 – 28 Agustus 1955 ) adalah seorang Afrika Amerika berusia 14 tahun yang dihakimi massa di Mississippi pada 1955, setelah dituduh menyinggung seorang wanita kulit putih di toko grosir keluarganya. Kebrutalan pembunuhannya dan fakta bahwa para pembunuhnya dibebaskan mengundang perhatian dalam sejarah panjang penindasan Afrika Amerika di Amerika Serikat. Till secara anumerta menjadi ikon gerakan hak sipil.[1]
| Emmett Till | |
|---|---|
| Lahir | Emmett Louis Till 25 Juli 1941 Chicago, Illinois, Amerika Serikat |
| Meninggal | 28 Agustus 1955 (umur 14) Money, Mississippi, Amerika Serikat |
| Sebab meninggal | Penghakiman massal
luka peluru mutilasi |
| Makam | Burr Oak Cemetery Alsip, Illinois |
| Pendidikan | James McCosh Elementary School |
| Orang tua | Mamie Carthan Till-Mobley Louis Till |
Catatan
Referensi
- Brown, DeNeen L. (July 12, 2018). "Emmett Till's mother opened his casket and sparked the civil rights movement". The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal February 26, 2020.
Daftar pustaka
- Tyson, Timothy B. (2017). The Blood of Emmett Till. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4767-1484-4. OCLC 949922865.
- Anderson, Devery S. (2015). Emmett Till: The Murder That Shocked the World and Propelled the Civil Rights Movement. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1-4968-0285-9. OCLC 904801152.
- Wright, Simeon; Boyd, Herb (2010). Simeon's Story: An Eyewitness Account of the Kidnapping of Emmett Till. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books. ISBN 978-1-55652-783-8. OCLC 558536178.
- Beito, David; Beito, Linda (2009). Black Maverick: T. R. M. Howard's Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252034206. OCLC 244246562.
- Houck, Davis; Grindy, Matthew (2008). Emmett Till and the Mississippi Press. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781604733044. OCLC 317329290.
- Kolin, Philip C. (Summer 2008). "The Legacy of Emmett Till". Southern Quarterly. 45 (4): 6–8.
- Federal Bureau of Investigation (February 9, 2006). Prosecutive Report of Investigation Concerning (Emmett Till) Part 1 & Part 2 (PDF). Retrieved October 2011.
- Whitten, Ellen (2005). "Revisiting the Murder of Emmett Till". William Winter Institute for Racial Reconciliation. Diakses tanggal October 15, 2019.
- Till-Mobley, Mamie; Benson, Chris (2003). Death of Innocence: The Story of the Hate Crime That Changed America. New York: Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6117-2. OCLC 52208468.
- Metress, Christopher (2002). The Lynching of Emmett Till: A Documentary Narrative. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-2122-8. OCLC 49225218.
- Gorn, Elliott (1998). Muhammad Ali, The People's Champ. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06721-1. OCLC 32014469.
- Whitfield, Stephen (1991). A Death in the Delta: The story of Emmett Till. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-4326-6. OCLC 23941005.
- Carson, Clayborne; Garrow, David; Gill, Gerald; Harding, Vincent; Hine, Darlene Clark, ed. (1991). Eyes on the Prize: Civil Rights Reader Documents, Speeches, and Firsthand Accounts from the Black Freedom Struggle 1954–1990. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-84217-9. OCLC 23767205.
- Hampton, Henry (1990). Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the 1950s through the 1980s. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0-553-05734-8. OCLC 20628084.
- Whitaker, Hugh Stephen (1963). A Case Study in Southern Justice: The Emmett Till Case (Tesis MA). Tallahassee, Florida: Florida State University. http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu%3A277427. Diakses pada October 15, 2019.
Bacaan tambahan
- Burch, Audra D. S.; Shastri, Veda; Chaffee, Tim (February 20, 2019). "Emmett Till's Murder, and How America Remembers Its Darkest Moments". New York Times.
- Shastri, Veda; Burch, Audra D. S.; Chaffee, Tim; Fineman, Nicole (February 21, 2019). "Remembering Emmett Till: The Legacy of a Lynching". New York Times.
- Shastri, Veda (February 22, 2019). "A Grocery, a Barn, a Bridge: Returning to the Scenes of a Hate Crime". New York Times.
- Houck, Davis W. (Summer 2005). "Killing Emmett". Rhetoric & Public Affairs. 8 (2): 225–262. doi:10.1353/rap.2005.0078 – via Project MUSE.
- Huie, William Bradford (January 1956). "The Shocking Story of Approved Killing in Mississippi". Look. Diakses tanggal February 25, 2019.
- Huie, William Bradford (January 1957). "What's Happened to the Emmett Till Killers?". Look. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 16, 2017. Diakses tanggal February 25, 2019.
- Emmett Till di Curlie (dari DMOZ)
- The original 1955 Jet magazine with Emmett Till's murder story pp. 6–9, and Emmett Till's Legacy 50 Years Later" in Jet, 2005.
- NPR pieces on the Emmett Till murder
- Devery S. Anderson, "A Wallet, a White Woman, and a Whistle: Fact and Fiction in Emmett Till's Encounter in Money, Mississippi" (PDF) The Southern Quarterly (July 2008)
- Booknotes interview with Christopher Benson on Death of Innocence: The Story of the Hate Crime That Changed America, April 25, 2004.
- Testimony of Carolyn Bryant at trial of Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam
Pranala luar
- Emmett Till Archives Florida State University
- Documents regarding the Emmett Till Case Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
- Video interview with Mamie Till-Mobley Emmett Till's mother
- "Emmett Till Murder", Civil Rights Digital Library.
- Treading the Tightrope of Jim Crow: Emmett Till. The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks.
- 2006 FBI investigation and transcript of 1955 trial (464 pages)
- Emmett Till Interpretative Center
- Emmett Till Historic Intrepid Center
- Mamie Till Mobley Memorial Foundation
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