Gerakan retrograd dan prograd

Gerakan retrograd dalam astronomi, pada umumnya, adalah gerakan orbit atau rotasi dari sebuah objek yang arahnya berlawanan dengan rotasi objek primernya, yaitu, objek pusat (gambar kanan).

Orbit searah: satelit (merah) mengorbit berlawanan arah dengan rotasi primernya (biru/hitam)

Catatan kaki

Referensi

Bacaan lanjutan

Retrograde-rotating exoplanets experience obliquity excitations in an eccentricity-enabled resonance, Steven M. Kreyche, Jason W. Barnes, Billy L. Quarles, Jack J. Lissauer, John E. Chambers, Matthew M. Hedman, 30 Mar 2020
Gayon, Julie; Eric Bois (21 April 2008). "Are retrograde resonances possible in multi-planet systems?". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 482 (2): 665–672. arXiv:0801.1089 . Bibcode:2008A&A...482..665G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078460.
Kalvouridis, T. J. (May 2003). "Retrograde Orbits in Ring Configurations of N Bodies". Astrophysics and Space Science. 284 (3): 1013–1033. Bibcode:2003Ap&SS.284.1013K. doi:10.1023/A:1023332226388.
Liou, J (1999). "Orbital Evolution of Retrograde Interplanetary Dust Particles and Their Distribution in the Solar System". Icarus. 141 (1): 13–28. Bibcode:1999Icar..141...13L. doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6170.
How large is the retrograde annual wobble? Diarsipkan 2012-09-20 di Wayback Machine., N. E. King, Duncan Carr Agnew, 1991.
Fernandez, Julio A. (1981). "On the observed excess of retrograde orbits among long-period comets". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 197 (2): 265–273. Bibcode:1981MNRAS.197..265F. doi:10.1093/mnras/197.2.265 .
Dynamical Effects on the Habitable Zone for Earth-like Exomoons, Duncan Forgan, David Kipping, 16 April 2013
What collisional debris can tell us about galaxies, Pierre-Alain Duc, 10 May 2012
The Formation and Role of Vortices in Protoplanetary Disks, Patrick Godon, Mario Livio, 22 October 1999

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