Haijin
Haijin atau larangan laut adalah serangkaian kebijakan Tiongkok terkait isolasionis yang membatasi perdagangan maritim swasta dan pemukiman pesisir pada sebagian besar zaman dinasti Ming dan beberapa masa dinasti Qing. Mula-mula diterapkan untuk menghadapi pembajakan Jepang yang timbul di kalangan partisan Yuan, larangan laut peneuhnya bersifat kontra-produktif: pada abad ke-16, pembajakan dan penyeludupan menjadi endemik dan kebanyakan dilakukan oleh orang Tionghoa yang melanggar aturan tersebut.
| Haijin | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hanzi: | 海禁 | ||||||
| Makna literal: | sea ban | ||||||
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Referensi
Kutipan
Daftar pustaka
- "Commercial Intercourse with China", Knight's Store of Knowledge for All Readers, Charles Knight & Co., 1841, hlm. 129–152.
- Deng Gang (1999), Maritime Sector, Institutions, and Sea Power of Premodern China, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-313-30712-1.
- Fairbank, John K.; et al. (2006), China: A New History (edisi ke-2nd), Cambridge: Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-01828-1.
- Hayes, James W. (1974), "The Hong Kong Region: Its Place in Traditional Chinese Historiography and Principal Events since the Establishment of Hsin-an County in 1573" (PDF), Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch, Hong Kong, Vol. 14: 108–135, ISSN 1991-7295.
- Kang, David Chan-oong (2007), China Rising: Peace, Power, and Order in East Asia, New York: Columbia University Press, ISBN 0-231-14188-2.
- Li Kangying (2010), The Ming Maritime Trade Policy in Transition, 1368 to 1567, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
- Martin, Sean (2001), Black Death, Harpenden, hlm. 14.
- McNeill, William Hardy (1998), Plagues and Peoples, Anchor, ISBN 978-0-385-12122-4.
- Shi Zhihong (2006), "China's Overseas Trade Policy and Its Historical Results: 1522–1840", Intra-Asian Trade and the World Market, Studies in the Modern History of Asia, Abingdon: Routledge, hlm. 4–23.
- Von Glahn, Richard (1996), Fountain of Fortune: Money and Monetary Policy in China, 1000–1700, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-20408-5.
- Wang Xiangrong (1980), "Periodizing the History of Sino-Japanese Relations" (PDF), Sino-Japanese Studies, Vol. 2.
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