Harga pangan

Harga pangan merujuk kepada rata-rata tingkat harga untuk pangan dalam tingkat negara, wilayah dan global.[1] Harga pangan memiliki dampak pada produsen dan konsumen pangan.

Harga Tomat Per Pound

Indeks Harga Pangan FAO

Tingkat harga tergantung pada proses produksi pangan, yang meliputi pemasaran pangan dan distribusi pangan. Fluktuasi pada harga-harga pangan ditentukan oleh sejumlah faktor.[2] Peristiwa geopolitik, tuntutan global, nilai tukar,[3] kebijakan pemerintah, penyakit dan ladang penanaman, biaya energi, ketersediaan sumber daya alam untuk pertanian,[4] spekulasi pangan,[5][6][7] perubahan dalam pemakaian tanah dan keadaan cuaca memiliki dampak langsung terhadpa peningkatan atau penurunan harga pangan.[8]

Dampak fluktuasi harga pangan bersifat beragam. Peningkatan harga pangan membahayakan ketahanan pangan, terutama di negara-negara berkembang dan dapat menyebabkan ketegangan sosial.[9][10][11]

Referensi

Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah (2013-10-08). "Food Prices". Our World in Data.
Amadeo, Kimberly. "5 Causes of High Food Prices". The Balance (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2020-09-19.
Abbott, Philip C.; Hurt, Christopher; Tyner, Wallace E., ed. (2008). What's Driving Food Prices?. Issue Report (dalam bahasa Inggris).
Savary, Serge; Ficke, Andrea; Aubertot, Jean-Noël; Hollier, Clayton (2012-12-01). "Crop losses due to diseases and their implications for global food production losses and food security". Food Security (dalam bahasa Inggris). 4 (4): 519–537. doi:10.1007/s12571-012-0200-5. ISSN 1876-4525.
"Hedge funds accused of gambling with lives of the poorest as food prices soar". the Guardian (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2010-07-18. Diakses tanggal 2020-09-19.
"Food speculation". Global Justice Now (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2014-12-09. Diakses tanggal 2020-09-19.
Spratt, S. (2013). "Food price volatility and financial speculation". FAC Working Paper 47 (dalam bahasa English). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.304.5228 .
"Food Price Explained". Futures Fundamentals (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-10-26. Diakses tanggal 2020-09-19.
Bellemare, Marc F. (2015). "Rising Food Prices, Food Price Volatility, and Social Unrest". American Journal of Agricultural Economics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 97 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1093/ajae/aau038. ISSN 1467-8276.
Perez, Ines. "Climate Change and Rising Food Prices Heightened Arab Spring". Scientific American (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2020-09-19.
Winecoff, Ore Koren, W. Kindred. "Food Price Spikes and Social Unrest: The Dark Side of the Fed's Crisis-Fighting". Foreign Policy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2020-09-19.

Kesusastraan

Eric Holt-Gimenez; Raj Patel, ed. (2009). Food Rebellions: Crisis and the Hunger for Justice. Food First Books. ISBN 978-0935028348.
Schlosser, Eric (2002). Fast Food Nation: What The All-American Meal is Doing to the World. ISBN 978-0141006871.

Pranala luar

1975 food prize study, part 1. prepared by the staff of the Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, United States Senate. 1975.
1975 food prize study, part 2. prepared by the staff of the Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, United States Senate. 1975.
"Food price outlook 2016". Economic Research Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
"Food prices". Financial Times.

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[1] Roser, Max; Ritchie, Hannah (2013-10-08). "Food Prices". Our World in Data.

[2] Amadeo, Kimberly. "5 Causes of High Food Prices". The Balance (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2020-09-19.

[3] Abbott, Philip C.; Hurt, Christopher; Tyner, Wallace E., ed. (2008). What's Driving Food Prices?. Issue Report (dalam bahasa Inggris).

[4] Savary, Serge; Ficke, Andrea; Aubertot, Jean-Noël; Hollier, Clayton (2012-12-01). "Crop losses due to diseases and their implications for global food production losses and food security". Food Security (dalam bahasa Inggris). 4 (4): 519–537. doi:10.1007/s12571-012-0200-5. ISSN 1876-4525.

[5] "Hedge funds accused of gambling with lives of the poorest as food prices soar". the Guardian (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2010-07-18. Diakses tanggal 2020-09-19.

[6] "Food speculation". Global Justice Now (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2014-12-09. Diakses tanggal 2020-09-19.

[7] Spratt, S. (2013). "Food price volatility and financial speculation". FAC Working Paper 47 (dalam bahasa English). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.304.5228 .

[8] "Food Price Explained". Futures Fundamentals (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-10-26. Diakses tanggal 2020-09-19.

[9] Bellemare, Marc F. (2015). "Rising Food Prices, Food Price Volatility, and Social Unrest". American Journal of Agricultural Economics (dalam bahasa Inggris). 97 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1093/ajae/aau038. ISSN 1467-8276.

[10] Perez, Ines. "Climate Change and Rising Food Prices Heightened Arab Spring". Scientific American (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2020-09-19.

[11] Winecoff, Ore Koren, W. Kindred. "Food Price Spikes and Social Unrest: The Dark Side of the Fed's Crisis-Fighting". Foreign Policy (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2020-09-19.