Insiden 31 Maret

Insiden 31 Maret (bahasa Turki: 31 Mart Vakası, 31 Mart Olayı, 31 Mart Hadisesi, atau 31 Mart İsyanı) adalah sebuah krisis politik dalam Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah pada 1909, pada Era Konstitusional Kedua. Terjadi tak lama usai Revolusi Turki Muda tahun 1908, dimana Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan berhasil merrestorasi konstitusi 1876 dan mengakhiri pemerintahan absolut Sultan Abdul Hamid II, kejadian tersebut terkadang disebut sebagai kudeta balasan atau revolusi balasan.

Referensi

Kutipan

Daftar pustaka

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Zürcher, Erik Jan (2017). "31 Mart: A Fundamentalist Uprising in Istanbul in April 1909?". Dalam Lévy-Aksu, Noémi; Georgeon, François. The Young Turk Revolution and the Ottoman Empire: The Aftermath of 1918. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781786720214.
Yılmaz, Șuhnaz (2016). "Revisiting Netwrosk and Narratives: Enver Pasha's Pan-Islamic and Pan-Turkic Quest". Dalam Moreau, Odile; Schaar, Stuart. Subversives and Mavericks in the Muslim Mediterranean: A Subaltern History. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-4773-1093-9.

Bacaan tambahan

Ahmad, Feroz; Şenses, Bülent Şenses (2007). "Hareket Ordusu". Dalam Fleet, Kate; et al. Encyclopaedia of Islam (edisi ke-3rd). Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_30322 – via Brill Reference Online.
Yapp, Malcolm Edward; Shaw, Stanford J. (2005). "Ottoman Empire". Dalam The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Diakses tanggal 21 May 2021.
Wasti, S. Tanvir (1996). "Halil Menteşe: The Quadrumvir". Middle Eastern Studies. 32 (3): 92–105. doi:10.1080/00263209608701120. ISSN 0026-3206. JSTOR 4283809.
Wasti, S. Tanvir (1996b). "The Last Chroniclers of the Mabeyn". Middle Eastern Studies. 32 (2): 1–29. doi:10.1080/00263209608701102. ISSN 0026-3206. JSTOR 4283809.

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