Nathan Bedford Forrest

Nathan Bedford Forrest (13 Juli 1821 – 29 Oktober 1877 ) adalah seorang jenderal Tentara Konfederasi pada Perang Saudara Amerika dan pemimpin Ku Klux Klan berpengaruh pasca-perang. Meskipun para cendekiawan umumnya mengakui kemampuan Forrest dan keterampilannya sebagai pemimpin kavaleri dan pakar strategi militer, ia masih menjadi figur kontroversial dalam sejarah rasial, khususnya karena peran utamanya dalam pembantaian lebih dari 300 prajurit kulit hitam di Benteng Pillow dan karena memimpin Ku Klux Klan pada 1867–1869 sebagai Grand Wizard pertamanya.

Nathan Bedford Forrest
Nama lahirNathan Bedford Forrest
Julukan"Old Bed"[1]
"Wizard of the Saddle"[2]
Lahir(1821-07-13)13 Juli 1821
Chapel Hill, Tennessee, Amerika Serikat
Meninggal29 Oktober 1877(1877-10-29) (umur 56)
Memphis, Tennessee, Amerika Serikat
DikebumikanHealth Sciences Park
Memphis, Tennessee, Amerika Serikat
Pengabdian Negara Konfederasi
Dinas/cabang Tentara Konfederasi
Lama dinas1861–1865
Pangkat Letnan Jenderal
KesatuanWhite's Company "E",
Tennessee Mounted Rifles
(7th Tennessee Cavalry)
Komandan3rd Tennessee Cavalry,
Forrest's Cavalry Brigade,
Forrest's Cavalry Division,
Forrest's Cavalry Corps
Perang/pertempuranPerang Saudara Amerika
  • Benteng Donelson
  • Shiloh
  • Murfreesboro Pertama
  • Chickamauga
  • Benteng Pillow
  • Brice's Cross Roads
  • Tupelo
  • Memphis Kedua
  • Murfreesboro Ketiga
  • Nashville
  • Penyerbuan Wilson
Hubungan
  • Nathan Forrest II (cucu)
  • Nathan Forrest III (cicit)

Catatan
  1. Wright, John D. (2001), The Language of the Civil War, Greenwood Publishing Group, hlm. 210, ISBN 978-1573561358
  2. Wright 2001, p. 326

Referensi

Penulis
  • Bailey, Ronald H. (1985), Battles for Atlanta: Sherman Moves East, Time Life Books, ISBN 978-0-8094-4773-2
  • Boatner III, Mark M. (1988) [1959], The Civil War Dictionary, New York: McKay, ISBN 978-0-8129-1726-0
  • Bryant, Jonathan M. (October 3, 2002). "Ku Klux Klan in the Reconstruction Era". georgiaencyclopedia.org. Georgia Southern University.
  • Buhk, Tobin T. (2012), True Crime in the Civil War: Cases of Murder, Treason, Counterfeiting, Massacre, Plunder & Abuse, Mechanicsville, PA: Stackpole Books, ISBN 978-0-8117-1019-0
  • Calhoun, Charles W. (2017). The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0700624843.
  • Catton, Bruce (1971), The Civil War, American Heritage Press, New York. LCCN 77-119671
  • Cimprich, John; Mainfort, Robert C. Jr., ed. (Winter 1982), "Fort Pillow Revisited: New Evidence About An Old Controversy", Civil War History, 4
  • Chernow, Ron (2017). Grant. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-5942-0487-6.
  • Clark, Achilles V. (June 1985), Pomeroy, Dan E., ed., "A Letter of Account", Civil War Times Illustrated, 24 (4): 24–25
  • Davison, Eddy W.; Foxx, Daniel (2007). Nathan Bedford Forrest: In Search of the Enigma. Gretna, LA: Pelican Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-58980-415-9.
  • Eicher, John H.; Eicher, David J (2001), Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1.
  • Foote, Shelby (1963), The Civil War: A Narrative – II: Fredericksburg to Meridian, Random House, ISBN 978-0-394-74621-0
  • Foote, Shelby (1974), The Civil War: A Narrative – III: Red River to Appomattox, Random House, ISBN 978-0-394-74622-7
  • Hurst, Jack (1993), Nathan Bedford Forrest: A Biography, New York: Knopf, ISBN 978-0394551890
  • Newton, Michael (2014). White Robes and Burning Crosses: A History of the Ku Klux Klan from 1866. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-7774-6.
  • Sherman, William T. (1990), Memoirs of General W.T. Sherman, Library of America, ISBN 978-0940450653
  • Silkenat, David. Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. ISBN 978-1-4696-4972-6.
  • Spaulding, Thomas M. (1931), Allen Johnson; Dumas Malone, ed., "Forrest, Nathan Bedford", Dictionary of American Biography, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 6, hlm. 532–533
  • Ward, Andrew (2005), River Run Red: The Fort Pillow Massacre in the American Civil War, Viking Penguin
  • Wills, Brian Steel (1992), A Battle from the Start: The Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest, New York: HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-06-092445-4
  • Wyeth, John Allan (1989) [1899], That Devil Forrest, Louisiana State University Press

Internet

Bacaan tambahan
  • Bearss, Edwin C. (1979), Forrest at Brice's Cross Roads and in North Mississippi in 1864, Dayton, OH: Press of Morningside Bookshop
  • Bearss, Ed, ed. (July 1, 2005), Unpublished remarks to Gettysburg College, Civil War Institute
  • Bradshaw, Wayne (2009), The Civil War Diary of William R. Dyer: A Member of Forrest's Escort, BookSurge Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4392-3772-4
  • Carney, Court (2001), "The Contested Image of Nathan Bedford Forrest", Journal of Southern History, 67 (3): 601 ff, doi:10.2307/3070019, JSTOR 3070019
  • Dupuy, Trevor N.; Johnson, Curt; Bongard, David L. (1992), Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography (edisi ke-1st), Castle Books, ISBN 978-0-7858-0437-6
  • Foner, Eric (1988), Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution 1863–1877, ISBN 978-0-06-015851-4
  • Harcourt, Edward John (2005), "Who Were the Pale Faces? New Perspectives on the Tennessee Ku Klux", Civil War History, 51 (1): 23–66, doi:10.1353/cwh.2005.0011
  • Henry, Robert Selph (1944), First with the Most
  • Horn, Stanley F. (1939), Invisible Empire: The Story of the Ku Klux Klan, 1866–1871, Montclair, NJ: Patterson Smith Publishing Corporation
  • Kastler, Shane (2010), Nathan Bedford Forrest's Redemption, Retna, LA: Pelican Publishing, ISBN 978-1-58980-834-8
  • Lytle, Andrew Nelson (2002) [1931], Bedford Forrest and His Critter Company (edisi ke-Reprint), Ivan R. Dee, ISBN 978-1-879941-09-0
  • Scales, John R. (2017). The Battles and Campaigns of Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest, 1861–1865. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie. ISBN 978-1-61121-284-6.
  • Silkenat, David. Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. ISBN 978-1-4696-4972-6.
  • Tap, Bruce (June 1996), "'These Devils are Not Fit to Live on God's Earth': War Crimes and the Committee on the Conduct of the War, 1864–1865", Civil War History, XLII: 116–32 – on Ft Pillow.
  • Warner, Ezra J. (1959), Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, ISBN 978-0-8071-0823-9
  • Williams, Edward F. (1969), Fustest with the mostest; the military career of Tennessee's greatest Confederate, Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest Memphis, Distributed by Southern Books
  • Wills, Brian Steel (1992). The Confederacy's Greatest Cavalryman: Nathan Bedford Forrest. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0885-0.

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