Orang Parni

Parni (/ˈpɑːrnaɪ/; bahasa Yunani Kuno: Πάρνοι, Parnoi) atau Aparni (/əˈpɑːrnaɪ/; Ἄπαρνοι, Aparnoi) adalah sebuah suku bangsa Iran Timur[1][2] yang tinggal di sekitaran Sungai Ochus[2][3][4] (bahasa Yunani Kuno: Ὧχος Okhos) (Tejen), tenggara Laut Kaspia. Suku tersebut meyakini bahwa wilayah asal mereka adalah selatan Rusia dimana mereka berimigrasi dengan suku-suku Skitia lainnya.[2] Parni adalah salah satu dari tiga suku dari konfederasi Dahae.

Prajurit Parthia

Referensi
  1. Encyclopedia Iranica : "APARNA (Gk. Aparnoi/Parnoi, Lat. Aparni or Parni), an east Iranian tribe established on the Ochos (modern Taǰen, Teǰend) and one of the three tribes in the confederation of the Dahae
  2. Lecoq 1987, hlm. 151.
  3. Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Stewart, Sarah (2010-03-24). The Age of the Parthians. ISBN 9780857733085.
  4. Curtis 2007, hlm. 7.

Sumber
  • Bickerman, Elias J. (1983), "The Seleucid Period", dalam Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran, 3.1, London: Cambridge UP, hlm. 3–20
  • Bivar, A.D.H. (1983), "The Political History of Iran under the Arsacids", dalam Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran, 3.1, London: Cambridge UP, hlm. 21–99
  • Bivar, A.D.H. (2003), "Gorgan v.: Pre-Islamic History", Encyclopaedia Iranica, 11, New York: Encyclopaedia Iranica]
  • Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Stewart, Sarah, ed. (2007), The Age of the Parthians, Ideas of Iran, vol. 2, London: I. B. Tauris
  • de Blois, Lukas; van der Spek, Robartus J. (1997), An Introduction to the Ancient World, New York: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-12774-2.
  • Lecoq, Pierre (1987), "Aparna", Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2, New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul Hapus pranala luar di parameter |chapter= (bantuan)
  • Lendering, Jona (2006), The Parni, Amsterdam: livius.org
  • Lukonin, Vladimir G. (1983), "Political, Social and Administrative Institutions", dalam Yarshater, Ehsan, Cambridge History of Iran, 3.2, London: Cambridge UP, hlm. 681–747
  • Rawlinson, Henry C. (1879), "The Road to Merv", Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Monthly Series, 1 (3): 161–191, doi:10.2307/1800653, JSTOR 1800653
  • Yarshater, Ehsan (2006), "Iran ii. Iranian History: An Overview", Encyclopaedia Iranica, 13, New York: Encyclopaedia Iranica
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