Peluncuran udara ke orbit

Peluncuran udara ke orbit adalah metode peluncuran roket pada ketinggian tertentu dengan pesawat terbang konvensional yang lepas landas horisontal, untuk membawa satelit ke orbit bumi rendah.

Cara ini merupakan lanjutan dari pengembangan pesawat terbang eksperimental yang dimulai pada akhir 1940-an. Metode ini, ketika digunakan untuk penyisipan muatan orbital, memberikan keuntungan dibandingkan peluncuran roket vertikal konvensional, terutama karena pengurangan massa, dorongan, biaya roket, faktor geografis dan bencana alam.

Peluncuran udara ke orbit juga berfungsi sebagai alternatif jika kondisi tidak memungkinkan untuk meluncurkan roket dari darat ke orbit karena alasan tertentu, seperti bencana alam (gempa bumi, tsunami, banjir, letusan gunung berapi).

Sistem peluncuran udara

Operational

Orbital ATK (Formerly Orbital Sciences) Pegasus

Dalam pengembangan

Stratolaunch
Virgin Orbit LauncherOne
XCOR Aerospace Lynx Mark III
Orbital Sciences Pegasus II – contracted design/build for Stratolaunch Systems[1]
CubeCab [2]
ARCASPACE
Generation Orbit Launch Services[3] - contracted for NASA NEXT[4]
NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center Towed Glider Air-Launch System
CDTI, CNES, DLR Aldebaran (rocket)

Rencana

Vulcan Aerospace 75-percent-scaled Dream Chaser crew-carrying spaceplane with rocket by Orbital Sciences[5]
OREL (proposed by Ukraine)
Sura (proposed by Ukraine)

Proyek yang dibatalkan

DARPA ALASA
AirLaunch LLC
MAKS
Ishim[6]
Svityaz[6]
Swiss Space Systems SOAR

Referensi

Bergin, Chris (2013-05-25). "Stratolaunch and Orbital – The Height of Air Launch". NASASpaceFlight.com. Diakses tanggal 2013-05-24.
"Technologies". Diakses tanggal 2015-12-01.
Leone, Dan (November 26, 2013). "Startup Generation Orbit Launch Service Bets Big on 'Small Space'".
Diller, George (September 30, 2013). "NASA Awards First CubeSat-Class Launch Services Contract".
Gebhardt, Chris (2014-11-26). "SNC, Stratolaunch expand on proposed Dream Chaser flights". NASASpaceFlight.com. Diakses tanggal 2014-11-27.
Russia, Kazakhstan to develop unique space system Diarsipkan 2013-02-09 di Wayback Machine.: "Ukrainian experts moved to develop the Svityaz system based on the An-225 Mriya (Dream) Cossack jumbo transport plane and the Zenit-2 rocket", "The Ishim complex will include two MiG-31I aircraft, a three-stage launch vehicle on a streamlined store between engine nacelles, as well as an Ilyushin Il-76MD Midas surveillance plane."

Media terkait Air launch to orbit di Wikimedia Commons

A Study of Air Launch Methods for RLVs (AIAA 2001)
Low Cost Launch of Payloads to Low Earth Orbit Diarsipkan 2009-12-29 di Wayback Machine.
Illini Space Jet

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[nsf20130524-1] Bergin, Chris (2013-05-25). "Stratolaunch and Orbital – The Height of Air Launch". NASASpaceFlight.com. Diakses tanggal 2013-05-24.

[2] "Technologies". Diakses tanggal 2015-12-01.

[3] Leone, Dan (November 26, 2013). "Startup Generation Orbit Launch Service Bets Big on 'Small Space'".

[4] Diller, George (September 30, 2013). "NASA Awards First CubeSat-Class Launch Services Contract".

[nsf20141126-5] Gebhardt, Chris (2014-11-26). "SNC, Stratolaunch expand on proposed Dream Chaser flights". NASASpaceFlight.com. Diakses tanggal 2014-11-27.

[airlaunchers-6] Russia, Kazakhstan to develop unique space system Diarsipkan 2013-02-09 di Wayback Machine.: "Ukrainian experts moved to develop the Svityaz system based on the An-225 Mriya (Dream) Cossack jumbo transport plane and the Zenit-2 rocket", "The Ishim complex will include two MiG-31I aircraft, a three-stage launch vehicle on a streamlined store between engine nacelles, as well as an Ilyushin Il-76MD Midas surveillance plane."