Partai Kebebasan dan Demokrasi Rakyat
Partai Rakyat untuk Kebebasan dan Demokrasi (bahasa Belanda: Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie, VVD), dapat juga dirujuk dalam media sebagai Liberal atau berdasarkan inisial resminya dalam bahasa Belanda,[3][4] adalah partai politik konservatif liberal di Belanda.[1][2][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
Partai Rakyat untuk Kebebasan dan Demokrasi Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie | |
|---|---|
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| Ketua umum | Onno Hoes |
| Pemimpin | Mark Rutte |
| Ketua fraksi di Senat | Annemarie Jorritsma |
| Ketua fraksi di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat | Sophie Hermans |
| Ketua fraksi di Parlemen Eropa | Malik Azmani |
| Ketua Senat | Jan Anthonie Bruijn |
| Dibentuk | 24 Januari 1948 |
| Digabungkan dari | Partai Kebebasan dan Komite-Oud |
| Kantor pusat | Thorbeckehuis Laan Copes van Cattenburch 52 Den Haag |
| Sayap pemuda | Organisasi Pemuda untuk Kebebasan dan Demokrasi |
| Thinktank | Telders Foundation |
| Ideologi | Conservative liberalism,[1][2] Economic liberalism |
| Posisi politik | Tengah-kanan |
| Afiliasi Eropa | European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party |
| Afiliasi internasional | Liberal International |
| Kelompok Parlemen Eropa | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe |
| Warna | Biru dan Oranye |
| Senat | 12 / 75
|
| Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat | 34 / 150
|
| States-Provincial | 80 / 570
|
| Parlemen Eropa | 5 / 29
|
| Komisaris Raja | 3 / 12
|
| Situs web | |
| www.vvd.nl | |
Jumlah kursi
Jumlah kursi di Tweede Kamer, dari total 150 (sebelum 1956 100):
- 1948 – 8 (dikonversi 12)
- 1952 – 9 (dikonversi 13)
- 1956 – 13
- 1959 – 19
- 1963 – 16
- 1967 – 17
- 1971 – 16
- 1972 – 22
- 1977 – 28
- 1981 – 26
- 1982 – 36
- 1986 – 27
- 1989 – 22
- 1994 – 31
- 1998 – 38
- 2002 – 24
- 2003 – 28
- 2006 – 22
- 2010 – 31
- 2012 – 41
- 2017 – 33
- 2021 – 34
Jumlah kursi di Eerste Kamer, dari total 75 (sebelum 1956 50):
- 1948 – 3 (dikonversi 5)
- 1951 – 4 (dikonversi 6)
- 1952 – 4 (dikonversi 6)
- 1955 – 4 (dikonversi 6)
- 1956 – 7
- 1960 – 8
- 1963 – 7
- 1966 – 8
- 1969 – 8
- 1971 – 8
- 1974 – 12
- 1977 – 15
- 1980 – 13
- 1981 – 12
- 1983 – 17
- 1986 – 16
- 1987 – 12
- 1991 – 12
- 1995 – 23
- 1999 – 19
- 2003 – 15
- 2007 – 14
- 2011 – 16
- 2015 – 13
- 2019 – 12
Jumlah kursi di Parlemen Eropa:
- 1979 – 4 (total 25)
- 1984 – 5 (total 25)
- 1989 – 3 (total 25)
- 1994 – 6 (total 31)
- 1999 – 6 (total 31)
- 2004 – 4 (total 27)
- 2009 – 3 (total 26)
- 2014 – 3 (total 26)
- 2019 – 5 (total 29)
Pemimpin
- Pieter Oud (1948–1963)
- Edzo Toxopeus (1963–1969)
- Molly Geertsema (1969–1971)
- Hans Wiegel (1971–1982)
- Ed Nijpels (1982–1986)
- Rudolf de Korte (1986)
- Joris Voorhoeve (1986–1990)
- Frits Bolkestein (1990–1998)
- Hans Dijkstal (1998–2002)
- Gerrit Zalm (2002–2004)
- Jozias van Aartsen (2004–2006)
- Mark Rutte (2006–)
Referensi
- Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin Politics and Governance in the Netherlands, Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49
- Parties and Elections in Europe: The database about parliamentary elections and political parties in Europe, by Wolfram Nordsieck
- Dutch Liberals claim election win
- Liberal and Labour Politicians expected for form fractious coalition
- Rudy W Andeweg; Lieven De Winter; Patrick Dumont (5 April 2011). Government Formation. Taylor & Francis. hlm. 147–. ISBN 978-1-134-23972-6. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2012.
- Jochen Clasen; Daniel Clegg (27 October 2011). Regulating the Risk of Unemployment: National Adaptations to Post-Industrial Labour Markets in Europe. Oxford University Press. hlm. 76–. ISBN 978-0-19-959229-6. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2012.
- Hans Slomp (30 September 2011). Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 459–. ISBN 978-0-313-39182-8. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2012.
- David Hanley (16 June 1998). CHRISTIAN DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE. Continuum International Publishing Group. hlm. 67–. ISBN 978-1-85567-382-3. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2012.
- Ricky Van Oers; Eva Ersbøll; Dora Kostakopoulou (30 June 2010). A Re-Definition of Belonging?: Language and Integration Tests in Europe. BRILL. hlm. 60–. ISBN 978-90-04-17506-8. Diakses tanggal 17 August 2012.
- David Broughton (4 January 1999). Changing Party Systems in Western Europe. Continuum International Publishing Group. hlm. 178–. ISBN 978-1-85567-328-1. Diakses tanggal 20 August 2012.
- Thomas Poguntke; Paul Webb (21 June 2007). The Presidentialization of Politics: A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies. Oxford University Press. hlm. 158–. ISBN 978-0-19-921849-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-01-03. Diakses tanggal 24 August 2012.
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