Indiewood
Indiewood (also known as "speciality", "alternative", "indie" or "quality")[1][2][3][4][5][6] films are those made outside of the Hollywood studio system or traditional arthouse/ independent filmmaking yet managed to be produced, financed and distributed by the two with varying degrees of success and/or failure.[7]
Background
Throughout the middle of the 1990s the word 'Indiewood' (aka "indie boom" or "indie film movement")[8][9][4][10] was invented to describe a component of the spectrum of American films in which distinctions exist, it seemed as if Hollywood and the independent sector had become blurred.[11][12][13][14][15][4] The American independent film, prior to the 1980s,[16] was previously associated with b movies and realist dramas.[17][18]
Indiewood divisions gain from expert experience of the niche industry by hiring leading independent personalities such as Harvey Weinstein[10] from the Disney fold after the exit of the Weinsteins,[19][20] and James Schamus, former joint head of Good Machine, at Focus Features.[21]
Other "mini-major" subdivisions included Searchlight Pictures, Fine Line Features, Lionsgate, NEON, A24, Paramount Vantage, Summit Entertainment, Orion Pictures, Samuel Goldwyn Company, Warner Independent and Sony Pictures Classics.[22][2][23][8][24][25][26][27]
Differences from Hollywood
The films are often made for far less money than Hollywood films,[28][10][29] and each aspect of the filmmaking process has to undergo less scrutiny by committees. Additionally, within the Indiewood approach the filmmaker can take as long as they need in the post-production phase of their film - whereas in Hollywood they are contracted to finish the film in a specific period of time (usually 10 weeks). In Hollywood, the film then goes on to show in focus group screenings on the studio lot. In Indiewood, the filmmakers can determine the next steps of the film. They also bear striking similarities to as well as were influenced by the "proto-indies" of the 1960s such as Robert Downey Sr's Chafed Elbows (1966), John Cassavetes's Academy Award-nominated Faces and Brian de Palma's Greetings (each from 1968) which in turn were influenced by the culture of The Beat Generation, the polar opposite to the conformist, gray-flannel conformity of 1950s America.[30]
Most Indiewood films are first shown at film festivals with the hopes of further distribution by being picked up (or purchased) by a larger film company or distributor alongside awards consideration (e.g. 2009's A Single Man).[31]
List of selected Indiewood/Indie filmmakers
- Julie Dash[8][26][6]
- Cheryl Dunye[32]
- Kathleen Collins[6]
- Lizzie Borden[3][26][33][10]
- Ava DuVernay[34][35][26][36]
- Dee Rees[34][35][37][36]
- Chloe Zhao[38]
- Lulu Wang[39]
- Mira Nair[24][26][6][40]
- Barry Jenkins[39]
- Billy Woodberry[10]
- Marlon Riggs[32]
- Stanley Nelson[41]
- Charles Burnett[42][43][10]
- Ryan Coogler[44][45]
- Spike Lee[8][5][27][46][16]
- Reginald Hudlin[47][40][45]
- John Singleton[8]
- Robert Townsend[8]
- Walter Salles[24]
- Ramin Bahrani[5]
- Alfonso Cuaron[24]
- Denzel Washington[8]
- Ang Lee[8][24][5][32]
- Wong Kar-wai[48]
- Lee Daniels[36][49]
- Daniels[50][39][51]
- Wayne Wang[5][27][10]
- Lee Isaac Chung[39]
- Stephen Chow[24]
- Zhang Yimou[24]
- Lisa Cholodenko[52][53][26][32][6]
- Mario Van Peebles[54]
- Robert Rodriguez[9][3][8][4][55][40][45]
- Miguel Arteta[5][56][45]
- Guillermo del Toro[24]
- Pedro Almodovar[24][57]
- Satoshi Kon[58][59]
- Chris Eyre[52]
- Taika Waititi[60]
- Mary Harron[61][26][45]
- Jennie Livingston[32]
- Penelope Spheeris[62][63][64]
- Martha Coolidge[26][6]
- Kelly Reichardt[26][39][65]
- Susan Seidelman[5][26][27][10]
- Adrienne Shelly[49][45]
- Marjane Satrapi[59][66]
- Masaaki Yuasa[67]
- John and Faith Hubley[68]
- Ralph Bakshi[69][70]
- Don Bluth[71][70]
- Richard Williams[72]
- Tomm Moore[59]
- Sylvain Chomet[59][73][66]
- Sergio Pablos[59]
- Don Hertzfeldt[73][66][74][67][72]
- Joanna Quinn[75]
- Evelyn Lambart[75]
- Caroline Leaf[75]
- Cordell Barker[74]
- Theodore Ushev[75]
- Konstantin Bronzit[75]
- Bill Plympton[76][77][74]
- Barry Purves[75]
- Joanna Priestley[75]
- PES[75][78]
- Suzan Pitt[75][67]
- Nina Paley[66]
- Adam Elliot[67][48]
- Nicole Holofcener[5][26]
- Tom McCarthy[5][45]
- Alex Garland[39]
- Patty Jenkins[79][80]
- Sarah Polley[81]
- Sian Heder[82]
- Lena Dunham[26]
- Greta Gerwig[39]
- Miranda July[83][26][56][45]
- Bette Gordon[10]
- Nancy Savoca[6][45][33]
- Todd Haynes[84][53][85][86][27][55][46][40][45]
- Luca Guadagnino[57]
- John Waters[87][88][6][33][45][10]
- Greg Araki[32][6]
- Sean Baker[89][39][90][65][29]
- Alex Ross Perry[65]
- Jeff Nichols[91]
- Les Blank[92]
- Henry Jaglom[65]
- Andrew Bujalski[65]
- John Cameron Mitchell[93][56][45]
- Gus Van Sant[94][95][8][81][46][6][16]
- Steve James[81][40]
- Wim Wenders[81]
- Jim McKay[5]
- Bo Burnham[39]
- Joel and Ethan Coen[93][15][2][96][47][27][57][55][33][45][10][16]
- Mark and Jay Duplass[29]
- Sam Raimi[46]
- Josh and Benny Safdie[39]
- Rian Johnson[56][45]
- Christopher Guest[23][97]
- Alan Rudolph[6]
- James Gray[15][27]
- Andrea Arnold[39]
- Robert Eggers[39]
- Alex Cox[98]
- Wes Craven[10]
- Yorgos Lanthimos[39]
- Ari Aster[39]
- Paul Schrader[39]
- Alex Kendrick[99]
- Mike Mills[100][101][39]
- Joe Wright[102]
- John Carney[49][45]
- Jim Jarmusch[54][8][27][46][98][103][17][33][10]
- Zach Braff[104]
- George Clooney[23]
- James Mangold[2][27][40]
- Sam Mendes[2][3]
- Spike Jonze[61][105][9][46]
- Errol Morris[79][3][8][81][40][45]
- Kevin Macdonald[79][81]
- Atom Egoyan[106][40][45]
- Peter Jackson[106]
- Garth Jennings[104][49][45]
- Martin Scorsese[79][80]
- John Cassavetes[46]
- Neil Jordan[80]
- James Marsh[81][49][45]
- Greg Mottola[107][97][6]
- Bennett Miller[80]
- Jonathan Caouette[79][81]
- Larry Clark[3][46]
- Abel Ferrara[108][46][40][45]
- Michel Gondry[61][109][46]
- Wes Anderson[110][28][105][59][57][46][73]
- Noah Baumbach[58][5][97]
- Sofia Coppola[111][9][112][5][46]
- Kathryn Bigelow[6]
- Allison Anders[84][9][5][62][40][45]
- Shirley Clarke[64]
- Roger Corman[113]
- John Sayles[5][27][6][40][45]
- Tom DiCillo[9][8][27][6][40][45]
- Jim Henson[65]
- Carson Davidson[64]
- Doug Liman[46][114][45]
- Darren Aronofsky[9][4][114][45]
- Jason Reitman[95][2][80]
- Godfrey Reggio[104][81]
- Alexander Payne[84][105][79][5]
- Kimberly Peirce[84][32]
- David O. Russell[84][105][79][98][45]
- Kevin Smith[84][9][104][115][47][27][46][106][45]
- Roberto Benigni[24]
- David Mamet[80][114]
- Quentin Tarantino[110][28][8][4][96][47][27][55][46][40][45]
- Tim Burton[116]
- Neil LaBute[15][53][5][46]
- Todd Solondz[53][9][5][108][46][45]
- Danny Boyle[58][79][57]
- Terry Zwigoff[110][81][5]
- David Cronenberg[58]
- Christopher Nolan[61][9][117][46]
- Whit Stillman[9][80][5][46]
- Todd Field[93][56][45]
- Richard Kelly[58][46]
- Jean-Pierre Jeunet[93][24]
- Julian Schnabel[97]
- Jared Hess[109][104]
- Charlie Kaufman[109][59]
- Hal Hartley[9][8][5][97][40][45]
- David Lynch[61][53][46]
- David Fincher[105][9][3]
- Steven Soderbergh[13][9][104][55][46][106][33][45][10]
- Rob Reiner[46]
- Jonathan Glazer[93][47]
- Shane Carruth[46][56]
- Anthony Minghella[80]
- Peter Greenaway[3]
- Ken Loach[60]
- Michael Haneke[118]
- Denis Villeneuve[60]
- Harmony Korine[8][108][46]
- Richard Linklater[28][9][54][5][97][40][45]
- Robert Altman[119][81][46]
- James Cameron[46]
- Damien Chazelle[28][57][44][45]
- Tom Ford[31]
- Michael Moore[54][58][79][4][5][40]
- Mel Gibson[54][79]
- Paul Thomas Anderson[120][105][9]
- Vincent Gallo[9][5][114][45]
- Paul Haggis[121][58]
- Bryan Singer[9][3][46][40][45]
- Lars von Trier[104]
- James Toback[81]
List of selected notable and important Indiewood/Indie films
1950s
- Little Fugitive (1953)[122]≈
- 3rd Ave. El (1955)[64]
- The Adventures of an * (1957)[68]
- Attack of the Crab Monsters (1957)[113]
- The Blob (1958)[123]
- The Screaming Skull (1958)[113]
- Attack of the Giant Leeches (1959)[113]
- Moonbird (1959)[68]
- Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959)[122]
- Shadows (1959)[46][122]≈
- The Violinist (1959)[124]
1960s
- Munro (1960)[68][125]
- The Connection (1961)[122]
- Surogat (1961)[68]
- The Hole (1962)[68]≈
- Blood Feast (1963)[122]
- Help! My Snowman's Burning Down (1964)[64]
- Nothing But a Man (1964)[122]≈
- Time Piece (1965)[65]
- Chafed Elbows (1966)[30]
- A Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass Double Feature (1966)[126]
- Portrait of Jason (1967)[64]≈
- Spider Baby (1967)[127]
- The Trip (1967)[122]
- Who's That Knocking at My Door? (1967)[122]
- Faces (1968)[30]≈
- Greetings (1968)[30]
- Night of the Living Dead (1968)[46][122][128]≈
- Easy Rider (1969)[46][122][128]≈
1970s
- The Further Adventures of Uncle Sam (1970)[129]
- Is It Always Right to Be Right? (1970)[129]
- Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song (1970)[46][122]≈
- Wanda (1970)[122]≈
- Shinbone Alley (1971)[70]
- THX-1138 (1971)[128]
- Two-Lane Blacktop (1971)[122]≈
- Fritz the Cat (1972)[73][70]
- Pink Flamingos (1972)[6][122][128]≈
- Coffy (1973)[127]
- Fantastic Planet (1973)[70]
- Heavy Traffic (1973)[70]
- Mean Streets (1973)[46][128]≈
- The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974)[122][128]
- A Woman Under the Influence (1974)[128]≈
- Coney (1975)[130]
- Hester Street (1975)[6]≈
- Shivers (1975)[46]
- Alambrista! (1977)[6]
- Annie Hall (1977)[46]≈
- Eraserhead (1977)[6][46][122][128]≈
- Killer of Sheep (1977)[46][131][122][128]≈
- Halloween (1978)[122][128]≈
- Northern Lights (1978)[6][18]
- Piranha (1978)[128]
- The Whole Shootin' Match (1978)[132]
- Asparagus (1979)[133][67]
- Heartland (1979)[6][18]
1980s
- Friday the 13th (1980)[46]
- The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter (1980)[134]≈
- Personal Problems (1980)[92]
- Return of the Secaucus 7 (1980)[5][122]≈
- The Decline of Western Civilization (1981)[63]≈
- The Evil Dead (1981)[46][92][128]
- Ms. 45 (1981)[92]
- My Dinner with Andre (1981)[6][92]
- Polyester (1981)[10]
- The Atomic Cafe (1982)[135][136]≈
- The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez (1982)[6][18][92]≈
- Chan Is Missing (1982)[5][92][10]≈
- First Blood (1982)[8]
- Illusions (1982)[6]≈
- Liquid Sky (1982)[6]
- Losing Ground (1982)[6][92][122]≈
- The Loveless (1982)[6]
- Say Amen, Somebody (1982)[92]
- The Secret of NIMH (1982)[137][138][71][70]
- Smithereens (1982)[26][10]
- Born In Flames (1983)[10]
- El Norte (1983)[92]≈
- Koyaanisqatsi (1983)[104][81]≈
- My Brother's Wedding (1983)[92][10]
- Seventeen (1983)[92]
- Sundae in New York (1983)[139]
- Variety (1983)[10]
- Bless Their Little Hearts (1984)[92][10]≈
- The Brother from Another Planet (1984)[5]
- Choose Me (1984)[6]
- The Element of Crime (1984)[104]
- A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984)[8][47][92][10]≈
- Paris, Texas (1984)[103]
- Repo Man (1984)[140][141]
- Stranger Than Paradise (1984)[96][5][98][103][6][33][45][92][10][122][128]≈
- Streetwise (1984)[81]
- The Terminator (1984)[8][5][46][128]≈
- This Is Spinal Tap (1984)[46][6][92]≈
- The Times of Harvey Milk (1984)[5][6]≈
- Wildrose (1984)[92]
- Blood Simple (1985)[3][96][47][46][6][33][45][18][92][10][122][128]
- Day of the Dead (1985)[92]
- Desert Hearts (1985)[26][122]
- Desperately Seeking Susan (1985)[26]
- Down By Law (1986)[17]
- Kiss of the Spider Woman (1985)[142][3][6]
- Mala Noche (1985)[5][92]
- Smooth Talk (1985)[6][92]
- Trip to Bountiful (1985)[142]
- Betty Blue (1986)[45][33]
- Blue Velvet (1986)[46][6][92]
- The Cosmic Eye (1986)[92]
- Hannah and Her Sisters (1986)[45][33]
- Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer (1986)[92]
- Platoon (1986)[6]≈
- Parting Glances (1986)[92]
- A Room with a View (1986)[6]
- She's Gotta Have It (1986)[8][5][27][46][92][122][128]≈
- Sherman's March (1986)[92]≈
- Sid and Nancy (1986)[27]
- Something Wild (1986)[6]
- Swimming to Cambodia (1986)[92]
- True Stories (1986)[6]
- Working Girls (1986)[3][26][33]
- Border Radio (1987)[6]
- The Brave Little Toaster (1987)[143][144]
- Dirty Dancing (1987)[95][122]
- Hollywood Shuffle (1987)[6][92]
- Matewan (1987)[5][92]
- Miami Connection (1987)[65]
- Near Dark (1987)[6]
- Pelle the Conqueror (1987)[3]
- Raising Arizona (1987)[5][55][6]
- River's Edge (1987)[6][33][92]
- Your Face (1987)[74]
- The Decline of Western Civilization Part II: The Metal Years (1988)[63][92]
- Grave of the Fireflies (1988)[66]
- Hairspray (1988)[88][33][45]≈
- Let's Get Lost (1988)[92]
- The Moderns (1988)[6]
- Powaqqatsi (1988)[104]
- Salaam Bombay (1988)[6]
- The Thin Blue Line (1988)[3][81][92]≈
- Who Killed Vincent Chin (1988)[92]≈
- All Dogs Go to Heaven (1989)[71]
- Chameleon Street (1989)[92]
- Cinema Paradiso (1989)[3][27]
- Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt (1989)[6]
- The Cook, the Thief, His Wife and Her Lover (1989)[3][27]
- Do the Right Thing (1989)[8][16]≈
- Drugstore Cowboy (1989)[46][122][16]
- Heathers (1989)[6][33][45]
- Henry V (1989)[142][27]
- Longtime Companion (1989)[27][6]
- My Left Foot (1989)[142][8][27][106]
- Mystery Train (1989)[98]
- Roger & Me (1989)[81][5][27][6][40][45][92]≈
- sex, lies and videotape (1989)[9][145][104][146][4][5][107]
1990s
- All My Relations (1990)[75]
- Days of Being Wild (1990)[147]
- The Grifters (1990)[27][40][45]
- House Party (1990)[47][6][40][45]≈
- Jacob's Ladder (1990)[8]
- Metropolitan (1990)[9][5][27][46][6]
- Miller's Crossing (1990)[5][6]
- Mountains of the Moon (1990)[8]
- Paris Is Burning (1990)[32][27]≈
- Sink or Swim (1990)[55]≈
- Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990)[8]
- Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down! (1990)[27]
- To Sleep with Anger (1990)[42][43][131]≈
- Total Recall (1990)[8]
- Trust (1990)[40][45]
- Wild at Heart (1990)[27][6]
- Barton Fink (1991)[5][6]
- Daughters of the Dust (1991)[5][26][6][122]≈
- Dogfight (1991)[6]
- Europa (1991)[104]
- L.A. Story (1991)[8]
- Truth or Dare (1991)[81][27]
- Mississippi Masala (1991)[6][40][45]
- My Own Private Idaho (1991)[8][81][32][27][46][128]
- Night on Earth (1991)[27]
- Poison (1991)[55][6][40][45][122]
- Rambling Rose (1991)[6]
- The Rapture (1991)[148]
- Rock-A-Doodle (1991)[71]
- Slacker (1991)[9][4][5][25][98][40][45][122][128]≈
- Straight Out of Brooklyn (1991)[6]
- Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)[8][5]
- Bad Lieutenant (1992)[46][6]
- Basic Instinct (1992)[8]
- Bob Roberts (1992)[106]
- A Brief History of Time (1992)[40][45]
- The Crying Game (1992)[149][104][3][5][27][46][106][6]
- Gas Food Lodging (1992)[4][6][40][45][18]
- In the Soup (1992)[6]
- The Living End (1992)[5][32][6]
- Passion Fish (1992)[5]
- The Player (1992)[119][27][6]
- Reservoir Dogs (1992)[9][3][4][150][55][46][6][40][151][45]
- Simple Men (1992)[6]
- Strictly Ballroom (1992)[3][27]
- Swoon (1992)[6]
- The Tune (1992)[76]
- Dazed and Confused (1993)[5][97][55][46][6]
- El Mariachi (1993)[9][8][4][5][114][40][45][122][128]≈
- Like Water for Chocolate (1993)[45][40]
- Menace II Society (1993)[6]
- Mi Vida Loca (1993)[5][6]
- Red Rock West (1993)[6]
- Ruby in Paradise (1993)[40][45][18]
- Short Cuts (1993)[119][81][46]
- Suture (1993)[40][45]
- The Wedding Banquet (1993)[5][6]
- Clean, Shaven (1994)[6]
- Clerks (1994)[9][104][3][4][5][47][55][46][6][40][114]
- Exotica (1994)[106][98][40][45]
- Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994)[27][40][45]
- Fresh (1994)[6]
- Go Fish (1994)[5][32][6][40][45]
- Heavenly Creatures (1994)[106]
- Hoop Dreams (1994)[81][4][27][40][45]≈
- The Hudsucker Proxy (1994)[6]
- I Like It Like That (1994)[6]
- The Last Seduction (1994)[6][128]
- Little Odessa (1994)[152]
- Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle (1994)[6]
- Pulp Fiction (1994)[110][153][145][3][146][4][150][96][25][6][122]≈
- Reality Bites (1994)[40][45]
- River of Grass (1994)[26][6][65]
- Serial Mom (1994)[87][6]
- Shallow Grave (1994)[27]
- Spanking the Monkey (1994)[9][3][8][98][40][45][128]
- Thumbelina (1994)[71]
- What Happened Was... (1994)[108][65]
- Before Sunrise (1995)[46][40]
- The Brothers McMullen (1995)[4][6][40][114][45]
- Crumb (1995)[81][4]
- Dead Man (1995)[6]
- Dead Man Walking (1995)[104][6]
- Friday (1995)[80]
- Kicking and Screaming (1995)[97]
- Kids (1995)[3][5][27][46][106][6][122][128]
- La Haine (1995)[118]
- Leaving Las Vegas (1995)[6]
- Living in Oblivion (1995)[98][40][45][128]
- The Pebble and the Penguin (1995)[71]
- Safe (1995)[53][86][5][46][6][18][128]
- Se7en (1995)[3]
- The Usual Suspects (1995)[3][46][6][128]
- Basquiat (1996)[97]
- Big Night (1996)[6][114][45]
- Bottle Rocket (1996)[105][9][3][46]
- Box of Moonlight (1996)[6]
- Breaking the Waves (1996)[8]
- Citizen Ruth (1996)[105][9][3][5][6]
- The Daytrippers (1996)[97][6]
- The English Patient (1996)[142][8][4][27][6]
- Fargo (1996)[142][8][5][6]≈
- Flirting with Disaster (1996)[105][3][106][6]
- Hard Eight (1996)[9][3]
- I Shot Andy Warhol (1996)[6][114][45]
- Lone Star (1996)[5][6][128]
- Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Movie (1996)[154]
- Schizopolis (1996)[3][6]
- Secrets & Lies (1996)[142][5][6]
- Shine (1996)[142][8][4][6][114][45]
- Sling Blade (1996)[146][4][5][27]
- The Spitfire Grill (1996)[4][114][45][18]
- Swingers (1996)[5][46][114][45][128]
- Trainspotting (1996)[4][27][57][106][155]
- Trees Lounge (1996)[152]
- Waiting for Guffman (1996)[97]
- Walking and Talking (1996)[5]
- The Watermelon Woman (1996)[32]≈
- Welcome to the Dollhouse (1996)[9][3][4][5][108][6][114]
- When We Were Kings (1996)[114][45]
- The Apostle (1997)[6]
- Chasing Amy (1997)[106][6]
- Cop Land (1997)[2]
- Eve's Bayou (1997)[152]≈
- The Full Monty (1997)[4][27]
- Good Will Hunting (1997)[156][95][3][146][25][6]
- Grosse Pointe Blank (1997)[128]
- Gummo (1997)[8][5][46][128]
- Henry Fool (1997)[97]
- I Married a Strange Person (1997)[76]
- In the Company of Men (1997)[53][108][46][6]
- Jackie Brown (1997)[110]
- Lost Highway (1997)[61][53]
- Love Jones (1997)[152]
- The Sweet Hereafter (1997)[5]
- Ulee's Gold (1997)[18]
- The Big Lebowski (1998)[157][5]≈
- Boogie Nights (1998)[120][3][80][5][6][122]
- Buffalo 66 (1998)[5][114][45]
- Gods and Monsters (1998)[6]
- Happiness (1998)[84][53][5][46][128]
- High Art (1998)[53][6][114][45]
- Life is Beautiful (1998)[146][24][27]
- Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998)[27]
- New Rose Hotel (1998)[108]
- The Opposite of Sex (1998)[6][114]
- Next Stop Wonderland (1998)[6]
- Pi (1998)[9][4][25][46][6][114][128]
- Rushmore (1998)[105][3][5][128]≈
- Run Lola Run (1998)[114]
- Shakespeare in Love (1998)[13][1][3][146][4][27]
- Slam (1998)[6]
- Smoke Signals (1998)[5][6]≈
- The Spanish Prisoner (1998)[114][45]
- Velvet Goldmine (1998)[84][4][6]
- American Beauty (1999)[13][2][158]
- American Movie (1999)[4]
- Being John Malkovich (1999)[61][105][13][9][46][128]
- The Blair Witch Project (1999)[153][104][8][4][158][25][46][114][151][45][122]
- Boys Don't Cry (1999)[84][5][32]≈
- Buena Vista Social Club (1999)[81]≈
- Dogma (1999)[84][27]
- Election (1999)[84][105][3][5]
- Fight Club (1999)[105][145][158]
- Ghost Dog: Way of the Samurai (1999)[46]
- Julien Donkey-Boy (1999)[108]
- Magnolia (1999)[105][159][80][5]
- The Sixth Sense (1999)[158]
- The Straight Story (1999)[18]
- The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999)[158]
- Three Kings (1999)[84][105][13]
2000s
- American Psycho (2000)[61]
- Chuck & Buck (2000)[5][56][45]
- Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000)[58][24]±
- Finding Forrester (2000)[94]
- Girlfight (2000)[56][45]
- In the Mood for Love (2000)[48]
- Memento (2000)[61][46][56][122][128]≈±
- Nurse Betty (2000)[15]
- O Brother, Where Art Thou (2000)[15][5]
- Rejected (2000)[74]
- Requiem for a Dream (2000)[46]
- State and Main (2000)[80]
- Traffic (2000)[13][95][80]
- The Yards (2000)[15]
- You Can Count on Me (2000)[5][56][45]
- Amelie (2001)[93][24]±
- Donnie Darko (2001)[5][46][128]
- Ghost World (2001)[110][93][5]
- Gosford Park (2001)[93]
- Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2001)[93][56][45]
- In the Bedroom (2001)[93][56]
- The Man Who Wasn't There (2001)[93][5]
- Millennium Actress (2001)[59]
- Monsoon Wedding (2001)[24][5]
- Monster's Ball (2001)[79]
- Mulholland Drive (2001)[61][93]±
- The Royal Tenenbaums (2001)[110][104]±
- Sexy Beast (2001)[93]
- Waking Life (2001)[160][93][155]
- Y Tu Mama Tambien (2001)[24]
- Adaptation (2002)[61][13][147]
- Antwone Fisher (2002)[80]
- Bend It Like Beckham (2002)[54]
- Bowling for Columbine (2002)[79][81]
- Chicago (2002)[1][2][80]
- City of God (2002)[106]
- Far from Heaven (2002)[161]±
- Funny Ha Ha (2002)[65][122]
- Gangs of New York (2002)[80][27]
- Hero (2002)[24]
- The Magdalene Sisters (2002)[118]
- My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002)[153][79][23][5][122]
- Naqoyqatsi (2002)[104][81]
- Personal Velocity (2002)[97]
- The Pianist (2002)[2]±
- Punch-Drunk Love (2002)[105][162]
- Real Women Have Curves (2002)[56][45]≈
- Roger Dodger (2002)[128]
- Secretary (2002)[128]
- Solaris (2002)[13]
- Spellbound (2002)[79]
- 28 Days Later (2002)[54]
- Whale Rider (2002)[153][102][56][45]
- Winged Migration (2002)[54][81]
- American Splendor (2003)[61][79][56][163][128]
- Capturing the Friedmans (2003)[79][81][56]
- Coffee and Cigarettes (2003)[54]
- Cold Mountain (2003)[80]
- The Cooler (2003)[54]
- Elephant (2003)[23]
- The Fog of War (2003)[54][79][81]≈
- Girl with a Pearl Earring (2003)[54]
- Good Bye, Lenin! (2003)[79]
- Harvie Krumpet (2003)[164]
- In America (2003)[54]
- Kill Bill Volume 1 (2003)[110]
- Lost in Translation (2003)[54][153][79][5][96][46][122][128]±
- Monster (2003)[54][79][80]
- Open Water (2003)[79]
- The Saddest Music in the World (2003)[54]
- Shattered Glass (2003)[54]
- The Station Agent (2003)[79][5][56][60][128]
- Taranation (2003)[79][8][81]
- Thirteen (2003)[54][79][5]
- Touching the Void (2003)[79][81]
- The Triplets of Belleville (2003)[54][59][73][66]
- 21 Grams (2003)[54]
- The Aviator (2004)[79]
- Baadasssss! (2004)[54]
- Before Sunset (2004)[54]±
- Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004)[61][54][13][46]±
- Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004)[54][79][3][81]
- Garden State (2004)[104][5][151][45][122]
- Kung Fu Hustle (2004)[24]
- The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004)[159]
- Maria Full of Grace (2004)[23][56]
- Mean Creek (2004)[162]
- Mind Game (2004)[67]
- The Motorcycle Diaries (2004)[24][118]
- Napoleon Dynamite (2004)[153][79][104][165][56][151][45][128]
- The Passion of the Christ (2004)[54][153][79][128]
- Primer (2004)[5][46][56][45][122][128]
- Saw (2004)[5]
- Sideways (2004)[58][153][79][80][5][128]
- Silver City (2004)[166]
- Super Size Me (2004)[153][79][104][81][56][45]
- 2046 (2004)[118]
- A Very Long Engagement (2004)[79][23]
- We Don't Live Here Anymore (2004)[23]
- The Aristocrats (2005)[153]
- Brick (2005)[41][56][45]
- Brokeback Mountain (2005)[41][31][58]≈±
- Capote (2005)[41][102][80]
- Corpse Bride (2005)[167]
- Crash (2005)[41][168][1][80]
- Good Night and Good Luck (2005)[23][102][80]
- Hoodwinked (2005)[76]
- Hostel (2005)[5]
- Hustle & Flow (2005)[153][56]
- March of the Penguins (2005)[41][23][102]
- Me and You and Everyone We Know (2005)[83][56]
- The Notorious Betty Page (2005)[41]
- Pride & Prejudice (2005)[102]
- The Puffy Chair (2005)[29]
- The Squid and the Whale (2005)[163]
- Syriana (2005)[5]
- The World's Fastest Indian (2005)[155]
- Babel (2006)[41]
- Barnyard (2006)[76]
- Bobby (2006)[41]
- Facing the Giants (2006)[99][169]
- For Your Consideration (2006)[23]
- Friends with Money (2006)[41]
- Half Nelson (2006)[41]
- An Inconvenient Truth (2006)[41][49][45]
- Iraq in Fragments (2006)[41]
- Inland Empire (2006)[61][5][170]
- Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple (2006)[41]
- Jesus Camp (2006)[41]
- Little Children (2006)[41]
- Little Miss Sunshine (2006)[41][165][49][151][45][155][122]
- Marie Antoinette (2006)[41]
- Nacho Libre (2006)[104]
- The Namesake (2006)[58]
- The Painted Veil (2006)[23]
- Pan's Labyrinth (2006)[41][24]±
- Paprika (2006)[58]
- A Prairie Home Companion (2006)[41]
- The Queen (2006)[41][5]
- Quinceañera (2006)[49][45]
- A Scanner Darkly (2006)[41][23][80]
- Southland Tales (2006)[58]
- Thank You for Smoking (2006)[41][147]
- Volver (2006)[41]
- Atonement (2007)[58][23]
- Control (2007)[155]
- The Darjeeling Limited (2007)[80]
- The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007)[23]±
- Eagle vs. Shark (2007)[58]
- Eastern Promises (2007)[58]
- I'm Not There (2007)[23]
- In Bruges (2007)[171]
- In the Valley of Elah (2007)[58][23]
- Juno (2007)[58][23][95][5][128]
- Le Vie en rose (2007)[58]
- Margot at the Wedding (2007)[58][5]
- A Mighty Heart (2007)[58]
- No Country for Old Men (2007)[23][2][57][18]±
- No End in Sight (2007)[58]
- Once (2007)[58][5][49][45]
- Paranormal Activity (2007)[5][151][122]
- Persepolis (2007)[59][66]
- The Savages (2007)[23][80]
- Sicko (2007)[58]
- Sunshine (2007)[58]
- There Will Be Blood (2007)[23][80][106]±
- Waitress (2007)[58][49]
- The Visitor (2007)[171][5][118]
- American Teen (2008)[172]
- Baghead (2008)[29]
- Be Kind Rewind (2008)[173]
- Fireproof (2008)[169][171]
- Frozen River (2008)[150][26][171][18]
- Man on Wire (2008)[49]
- Rachel Getting Married (2008)[5][171]
- Sita Sings the Blues (2008)[66]
- Slumdog Millionaire (2008)[1][2][57]
- Son of Rambow (2008)[104][49][45]
- Synecdoche, New York (2008)[96][5]±
- Twilight (2008)[5]
- Tyson (2008)[81]
- Wendy and Lucy (2008)[5]
- The Wrestler (2008)[60]
- Adventureland (2009)[5]
- Away We Go (2009)[5][165]
- Coraline (2009)[116]
- The Cove (2009)[49][45]
- Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009)[116][59][73]
- The Hurt Locker (2009)[1][2]≈±
- Inglourious Basterds (2009)[95][80]±
- Mary & Max (2009)[73][164][48]
- Moon (2009)[147]
- Precious (2009)[174][5][36][49][45]
- Revolutionry Road (2009)[23]
- The Secret of Kells (2009)[59][68]
- A Single Man (2009)[31][155]
- Sin Nombre (2009)[118]
- Trash Humpers (2009)[175]
- Tucker & Dale vs. Evil (2009)[65]
- The White Ribbon (2009)[155]
2010s
- Beginners (2010)[100]
- Beyond the Black Rainbow (2010)[176][177]
- Blue Valentine (2010)[80][49][45]
- Catfish (2010)[81]
- A Cat in Paris (2010)[66]
- Greenberg (2010)[23]
- Incendies (2010)[60]
- The Illusionist (2010)[170][73]
- Inside Job (2010)[81]
- The Kids Are All Right (2010)[31][178]
- The King's Speech (2010)[2]
- Meek's Cutoff (2010)[26]
- Winter's Bone (2010)[28][150][26][49][18][128]
- The Artist (2011)[1][2]
- Chico & Rita (2011)[66]
- Damsels in Distress (2011)[80]
- The Descendants (2011)[80]
- The Future (2011)[83]
- Pariah (2011)[37][179][36]≈
- Project Nim (2011)[81]
- Take Shelter (2011)[180][148]
- Young Adult (2011)[86][18]
- Amour (2012)[118]
- Beasts of the Southern Wild (2012)[28][46][49]
- Frances Ha (2012)[122]
- Fresh Guacamole (2012)[78]
- It's Such a Beautiful Day (2012)[66][67]
- The Master (2012)[80]±
- Middle of Nowhere (2012)[181][182][36]
- Paranorman (2012)[116]
- Stories We Tell (2012)[81]±
- Blue Is the Warmest Colour (2013)[60]±
- Dallas Buyers Club (2013)[28]
- Fruitvale Station (2013)[44][45]
- Moonrise Kingdom (2013)[57]
- Nebraska (2013)[147]
- Philomena (2013)[147]
- 12 Years a Slave (2013)[1][2]±
- Birdman (2014)[28][142][1]
- The Boxtrolls (2014)[116]
- Boyhood (2014)[28][142][2]±
- Ex Machina (2014)[39][48]
- Foxcatcher (2014)[28]
- Grand Budapest Hotel (2014)[28][142][57]±
- The Imitation Game (2014)[142][2]
- Nightcrawler (2014)[147]
- Song of the Sea (2014)[59][73]
- Still Alice (2014)[57]
- The Theory of Everything (2014)[142][2]
- Whiplash (2014)[28][142][2][57][44][45][147]
- Anomalisa (2015)[59][73]
- Dope (2015)[183]
- The Lobster (2015)[39]
- Prologue (2015)[72]
- Shaun the Sheep Movie (2015)[66]
- Spotlight (2015)[1][2]±
- Tangerine (2015)[90][65][29]
- We Can't Live Without Cosmos (2015)[72]
- The VVitch (2015)[39]
- World of Tomorrow (2015)[73][72]
- American Honey (2016)[39]
- Blind Vaysha (2016)[184]
- I, Daniel Blake (2016)[60]
- La La Land (2016)[57]
- The Love Witch (2016)[65]
- Moonlight (2016)[178][2][25][39][122]
- My Life as a Zucchini (2016)[73]
- 20th Century Women (2016)[101][39]
- Weiner (2016)[81]
- Call Me By Your Name (2017)[57][185]
- The Disaster Artist (2017)[185]
- First Reformed (2017)[39]
- The Florida Project (2017)[25][39]
- Get Out (2017)[25][122]
- I, Tonya (2017)[185][186]
- Lady Bird (2017)[25][39][185]
- Loving Vincent (2017)[68]
- The Shape of Water (2017)[2][185][186]
- Eighth Grade (2018)[39][46]
- Hereditary (2018)[39]
- Isle of Dogs (2018)[116][73]
- The Last Black Man in San Francisco (2018)[39]
- The Rider (2018)[38]
- Whitney (2018)[81]
- The Farewell (2019)[39]
- First Cow (2019)[39]
- I Lost My Body (2019)[187][188]
- Jojo Rabbit (2019)[2]
- Klaus (2019)[59]
- Pain and Glory (2019)[57]
- Parasite (2019)[2][25]
- The Peanut Butter Falcon (2019)[155]
- Uncut Gems (2019)[39]
2020s
- Cryptozoo (2020)[189][190][191]
- Kajillionaire (2020)[83]
- Minari (2020)[39]
- Nomadland (2020)[192]
- Wolfwalkers (2020)[59]
- Zola (2020)[39][122]
- CODA (2021)[82][122]
- Flee (2021)[191][193]
- Jockey (2021)[38]
- Red Rocket (2021)[89]
- Summer of Soul (2021)[194][195]
- Everything Everywhere All At Once (2022)[196][50][39][51][122]
- Fire of Love (2022)[197]
- Marcel the Shell with Shoes On (2022)[198][199][200]
Notes
- ≈ indicates a National Film Registry inductee
- ± indicates a film selected for the BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century
See also
- L.A. Rebellion
- Peak TV
- American Eccentric Cinema
- New Hollywood
- Postmodernist film
- Oscar bait
- Arthouse animation
- Cinephilia
- Sundance Film Festival
- Minimalist and maximalist cinema
- Vulgar auteurism
- Sleeper hit
- European art cinema
- Independent Spirit Awards
- Mumblecore
- Arthouse action film
- Social realism
- Arthouse science fiction film
- Arthouse musical
- Independent animation
- Midnight film
References
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - Somewhere Only We Know on Notebook|MUBI
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- 8-Minute Video Boils Down the Essence of Animation Legend Ralph Bakshi - VICE
- Don Bluth Goes Independent - AWN.com
- HOW THE SECRET OF NIMH PROVED DON BLUTH COULD BEAT DISNEY - Nerdist
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- ‘Midnight Special,’ ‘Fantastic Planet’ and more home theater releases out this week - Los Angeles Times
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- 'I, Tonya', Other Awards Contenders Keep Indie Box Office Alive Against 'Star Wars'|The Wrap
- Indie Focus: Outsiders abound in 'The Shape of Water', 'I, Tonya', 'Foxtrot' and 'Bombshell' - Los Angeles Times
- 'I Lost My Body' Review -- Variety Critic's Pick - Variety
- Oscars: Can Netflix’s French Dark Horse ‘I Lost My Body’ Upset The Big Guns In The Animated Feature Race? – Exclusive Featurette - Deadline
- Cryptozoo is animated chaos for the indie-film crowd - The Globe and Mail
- Indie Film: Fantastical creatures populate the what-if world of ‘Cryptozoo’ - Portland Press Herald
- Animation Legend Bill Plympton on How Pixar Has Fostered a Current ‘Second Golden Age of Animation’|IndieWire
- Over the Borderline - Critic's Notebook
- 6 Indie And Foreign Animated Features Building Buzz For Oscars 2022|Cartoon Brew
- Indie Film Series: Summer of Soul - Sun Journal Events
- Indie Prof: “The Rescue” and “Summer of Soul”|Front Porch
- 'Everything Everywhere All at Once' Crosses $20M, Reignites Indie Cinema. - Deadline
- Sara Dosa on ‘Fire Of Love’: “This forced me to work and think in a completely different way”|Features|Screen Daily
- A24 Has Another Indie Hit, As ‘Marcel The Shell’ Slides Into Top 10 – Specialty Box Office - Deadline
- ‘Marcel the Shell With Shoes On’ Director Explains What It Took to Pull Off One of the Year's Most Charming Movies|The Wrap
- Guillermo del Toro's ‘Pinocchio’ and ‘Turning Red’ Lead the Nominations for the 50th Annie Awards 2023 - Hollywood Insider
External links
Bibliography
- Spike, Mike, Slackers, & Dykes: A Guided Tour Across a Decade of American Independent Cinema, John Pierson
- A Killer Life, Christine Vachon
- Down & Dirty Pictures, Peter Biskind
- Indie: An American Film Culture, Michael Z. Newman Ph.D
- American Independent Cinema, Geoff King
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