Phosichthyidae

Lightfishes
	Ichthyococcus ovatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Stomiiformes
Suborder:	Phosichthyoidei
Family:	Phosichthyidae
Genera
	Ichthyococcus; Phosichthys; Pollichthys; Polymetme; Vinciguerria; Woodsia; Yarrella
Synonyms
	Photichthyidae

Lightfishes are small stomiiform fishes in the family Phosichthyidae[1][2]

The earliest fossils of lightfishes are from Oligocene-aged Paratethyan marine strata in the Czech Republic.[3]

They are very small fishes found in oceans throughout the world: most species grow no longer than 10 cm, while those in the genus Vinciguerria only reach 4 cm or so.

They make up for their small size with abundant numbers: Vinciguerria is thought — with the possible exception of Cyclothone — to be the most abundant genus of vertebrates. Deep-sea trawls of the Humboldt Current in the southeast Pacific have found that lightfishes make up 85% by mass of mesopelagic fishes, with Vinciguerria lucetia by far the most numerous species.[4]

They are bioluminescent fishes, possessing rows of photophores along their sides, with which they hunt planktonic invertebrates, especially krill.

Generally, Phosichthidae have been noted to feed on two types of fish including Copepods and Amphipods. Copepods are small, deep-sea crustaceans that are easily hunted by Phosichthyidae. Amphipods are similar to Copepods because they are also smaller relatives of another species: shrimp.[5]

References

Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Phosichthyidae" in FishBase. January 2006 version.
"Phosichthyidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 29 March 2006.
Nazarkin, Mikhail V.; Nam, Gi-Soo (2022-01-02). "A Miocene lightfish Vinciguerria sp. (Stomiiformes: Phosichthyidae) from the North-West Pacific with notes on the recent evolution of the genus". Historical Biology. 34 (1): 102–107. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1900839. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 233709473.
R. Cornejo, R. Koppelmann & T. Sutton. "Deep-sea fish diversity and ecology in the benthic boundary layer".
Carmo, Vanda; Sutton, Tracey; Menezes, Gui; Falkenhaug, Tone; Bergstad, Odd Aksel (2015-01-01). "Feeding ecology of the Stomiiformes (Pisces) of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. 1. The Sternoptychidae and Phosichthyidae". Progress in Oceanography. 130: 172–187. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2014.11.003. ISSN 0079-6611.

[1][2]

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[1] Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Phosichthyidae" in FishBase. January 2006 version.

[2] "Phosichthyidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 29 March 2006.

[:0-3] Nazarkin, Mikhail V.; Nam, Gi-Soo (2022-01-02). "A Miocene lightfish Vinciguerria sp. (Stomiiformes: Phosichthyidae) from the North-West Pacific with notes on the recent evolution of the genus". Historical Biology. 34 (1): 102–107. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1900839. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 233709473.

[4] R. Cornejo, R. Koppelmann & T. Sutton. "Deep-sea fish diversity and ecology in the benthic boundary layer".

[:1-5] Carmo, Vanda; Sutton, Tracey; Menezes, Gui; Falkenhaug, Tone; Bergstad, Odd Aksel (2015-01-01). "Feeding ecology of the Stomiiformes (Pisces) of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. 1. The Sternoptychidae and Phosichthyidae". Progress in Oceanography. 130: 172–187. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2014.11.003. ISSN 0079-6611.