Portal:Mesozoic

Introduction

The Mesozoic Portal

The Mesozoic Era ( /ˌmɛzəˈz.ɪk, -z-, ˌmɛs-, ˌmz-, ˌm.s-/ mez-ə-ZOH-ik, mez-oh-, mess-, mee-z-, mee-s-) is the second-to-last era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about 252 to 66 million years ago, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods. It is characterized by the dominance of archosaurian reptiles, like the dinosaurs; an abundance of conifers and ferns; a hot greenhouse climate; and the tectonic break-up of Pangaea. The Mesozoic is the middle of the three eras since complex life evolved: the Paleozoic, the Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic.

The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction whose victims included the non-avian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, mosasaurs, and plesiosaurs. The Mesozoic was a time of significant tectonic, climatic, and evolutionary activity. The era witnessed the gradual rifting of the supercontinent Pangaea into separate landmasses that would move into their current positions during the next era. The climate of the Mesozoic was varied, alternating between warming and cooling periods. Overall, however, the Earth was hotter than it is today. Dinosaurs first appeared in the Mid-Triassic, and became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates in the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic, occupying this position for about 150 or 135 million years until their demise at the end of the Cretaceous. Archaic birds appeared in the Jurassic, having evolved from a branch of theropod dinosaurs, then true toothless birds appeared in the Cretaceous. The first mammals also appeared during the Mesozoic, but would remain small—less than 15 kg (33 lb)—until the Cenozoic. The flowering plants appeared in the early Cretaceous Period and would rapidly diversify throughout the end of the era, replacing conifers and other gymnosperms as the dominant group of plants. (Full article...)

Selected article on the Mesozoic world and its legacies

Artist's restoration of Prosaurolophus.
Prosaurolophus (/ˌprsɔːˈrɒləfəs/; meaning "before Saurolophus", in comparison to the later dinosaur with a similar head crest) is a genus of hadrosaurid (or duck-billed) dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of North America. It is known from the remains of at least 25 individuals belonging to two species, including skulls and skeletons, but it remains obscure. Around 9 meters long (29.5 ft), its fossils have been found in the late Campanian-age Upper Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation in Alberta, and the roughly contemporaneous Two Medicine Formation in Montana, dating to around 76-75 million years ago. Its most recognizable feature is a small solid crest formed by the nasal bones, sticking up in front of the eyes.

The type species is P. maximus, described by American paleontologist Barnum Brown of the American Museum of Natural History in 1916. A second species, P. blackfeetensis, was described by Jack Horner of the Museum of the Rockies in 1992. The two species are differentiated mainly by crest size and skull proportions. (see more...)

Selected article on the Mesozoic in human science, culture and economics

Jurassic Park author Michael Crichton.

Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science fiction adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg. It is the first installment of the Jurassic Park franchise. It is based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton, with a screenplay written by Crichton and David Koepp. The film centers on the fictional Isla Nublar, an islet located off Central America's Pacific Coast, near Costa Rica Nicaragua border, where a billionaire philanthropist and a small team of genetic scientists have created a wildlife park of cloned dinosaurs.

Following an extensive $65 million marketing campaign, which included licensing deals with 100 companies, Jurassic Park grossed over $900 million worldwide in its original theatrical run. It surpassed Spielberg's 1982 film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to become the highest-grossing film until Titanic (1997). Jurassic Park was well received by critics, who praised its special effects and Spielberg's direction but criticized the script. The film won more than 20 awards (including 3 Academy Awards), mostly for its visual effects. Jurassic Park is considered by many to be one of the greatest films of the 1990s and in some cases of all time, as well as a landmark in the vector of visual effects regarding its computer-generated imagery and animatronics.

Jurassic Park was followed by two sequels, The Lost World: Jurassic Park and Jurassic Park III, both of which were box office successes but received mixed critical responses. A third sequel, Jurassic World, is set for release on June 12, 2015. (see more...)

Selected image



A fossil shell of the graphoceratid ammonoid Leioceras opalinum. The shell dates back to the Aalenian age (170.3–174.1 million years ago) of the Middle Jurassic epoch and is about 38 mm in diameter. It was collected between Ohmenhausen and Reutlingen, Germany.
Photo credit: H. Zell

Did you know?

Skeletal reconstruction of Tianyulong by Paul C. Sereno, which shows the profile of its filamentous integument.

Topics

Geochronology - Triassic (Early - Middle - Late) - Jurassic (Early - Middle - Late) - Cretaceous (Early - Late)

Mesozoic landmasses - Pangaea - Gondwana - Laurasia - Africa - North America - South America - Antarctica - Asia - Australia - Europe - Appalachia - Laramidia

Major Mesozoic events - Mesozoic Marine Revolution - Carnian Pluvial Event - Triassic-Jurassic extinction event - Toarcian turnover - Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution - Western Interior Seaway anoxia - Chicxulub impact - Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event

Triassic biota appearances - Belemnites - Crickets - Dinosaurs - Earwigs - Ichthyosauromorphs - Pseudosuchians - Pterosaurs - Sauropterygians - Testudinates

Jurassic biota appearances - Ammonitids - Ankylosaurs - Avialans - Caecilians - Carnosaurs - Caudates - Ceratopsians - Ceratosaurs - Coelurosaurs - Cryptodires - Dromaeosaurids - Equisetum - Frogs - Horse-flies - Lepidopterans - Lizards - Mammals - Ornithopods - Pterodactyloids - Sauropods - Snakeflies - Stegosaurs - Tyrannosauroids

Cretaceous biota appearances - Abalones - Anglerfishes - Ants - Bees - Catfishes - Copepods - Cormorants - Crocodilians - Flowering plants - Fowls - Geckos - Hadrosauroids - Hermit crabs - Lobsters - Mosasaurs - Ornithomimosaurs - Oviraptorosaurs - Pachycephalosaurs - Requiem sharks - Sea turtles - Snakes - Squids - Stingrays - Therizinosaurs

Fossil sites - Berlin–Ichthyosaur State Park - Petrified Forest National Park - Dinosaur National Monument - Dinosaur Valley State Park

Stratigraphic units - Chinle Formation - Elliot Formation - Ischigualasto Formation - Kimmeridge Clay - Morrison Formation - Oxford Clay Formation - Solnhofen lithographic limestone - Tendaguru Formation - Crato Formation - Dinosaur Park Formation - Djadochta Formation - Hell Creek Formation - Niobrara Formation - Two Medicine Formation - Wessex Formation - Yixian Formation

History - History of paleontology - Timeline of paleontology - Timeline of ankylosaur research - Timeline of ceratopsian research - Timeline of ceratosaur research - Timeline of dromaeosaurid research - Timeline of hadrosaur research - Timeline of ichthyosaur research - Timeline of plesiosaur research - Timeline of stegosaur research - Timeline of tyrannosaur research

Researchers - William Buckland - Edward Drinker Cope - Jack Horner - Othniel Charles Marsh - Gideon Algernon Mantell - John Ostrom - Sir Richard Owen - Harry Govier Seeley - Samuel Wendell Williston

Culture - Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology - Vertebrate Paleontology - Walking with Dinosaurs - Jurassic Park

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Subcategories

Mesozoic
Mesozoic by continent
Mesozoic geochronology
Mesozoic events
Mesozoic geology
Mesozoic life
Mesozoic paleogeography
Mesozoic paleontological sites
Mesozoic portals
Mesozoic stubs

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