R-29RMU2 Layner

The R-29RMU2.1 Layner[2] (Russian: Р-29РМУ2.1 "Лайнер" meaning Liner) is a Russian liquid-fuelled submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) and the newest member of the R-29 missile family, developed by the Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau and produced by the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant.[3] Derived from the R-29RMU2 Sineva SLBM, the Layner can carry twelve nuclear warheads, three times as many as Sineva. It was expected to enter service with the Russian Navy's Delta IV-class submarines after a successful test programme that spanned from May to September 2011. The Russian Navy confirmed in 2014 that the system was now in use.[4]

R-29RMU2.1 Laynar
TypeSLBM
Place of originRussia
Service history
In service2014–present
Used byRussian Navy
Production history
DesignerMakeyev Rocket Design Bureau
ManufacturerKrasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant
Specifications
Mass40 tons
Length15 m
Diameter1.9 m
Warhead4 × 500kt or 12 × 100kt multiple thermonuclear warheads[1]
EngineThree-stage liquid-propellant rocket
Operational
range
8,300-12,000 km
Guidance
system
Astroinertial with GLONASS

History and design

On 9 August 2011, the Russian Ministry of Defense disclosed the details of the Layner SLBM, whose first launch occurred on 20 May earlier that year.[3][5] The authorities originally claimed the launch to be of a Sineva missile, but on 23 May 2011 it was revealed that the missile fired was actually the Layner.[6][7] The successful firing, aimed at the Kura Test Range, was conducted from the submarine K-84 Ekaterinburg.[3][8]

K-114 Tula, one of the seven Delta IV-class submarines of the Russian Navy, launched the second Layner in September 2011.

The second launch of the Layner missile took place on 29 September 2011 from the submarine K-114 Tula in the Barents Sea aimed at the Kura Test Range.[9][10] Following the second successful Layner test, the Russian Navy decided to accept the missile into active service to augment the RSM-56 Bulava missile and improve the future viability of the Delta IV-class submarines until at least 2030.[11][12] Development work on the missile was completed by late February 2012.[13] Missile was recommended by the State Commission for adoption as of December 2012.[14] Missile weapons complex D-29RMU2.1 with missile R-29RMU2.1 accepted for service by decree of the President of the Russian Federation in January 2014.[15]

The Layner missile is a highly advanced derivative of the three-stage liquid-propelled R-29RMU2 Sineva SLBM, which was accepted into service in 2007.[3] While many technical details are not disclosed, it is known that the missile is capable of carrying up to twelve low-yield nuclear warheads called MIRVs capable of striking several targets individually. This is twice the number of warheads the solid-propellant RSM-56 Bulava SLBM can carry, and, unlike those of the Sineva SLBM, these warheads can be of a mixed set with various yields.[12] While it shares flight characteristics with the Sineva, the Layner is equipped with improved systems to overcome anti-ballistic missile shields.[16] The missile can carry twelve low-yield warheads without penetration aids, ten low-yield warheads with penetration aids, eight low-yield warheads with enhanced penetration aids, or four medium-yield warheads with penetration aids.[1]

Operators
 Russia

See also

References
  1. "R-29RMU2.1 Liner" (in Russian). Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  2. McDowell, Jonathan. "S: Suborbital launches (apogee 80+ km)". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
  3. Внезапный "Лайнер" [Sudden "Liner"]. Lenta.Ru (in Russian). Lenta.ru. 10 August 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  4. "Lenta.ru: Оружие: Вооружение: Россия вооружилась баллистической ракетой "Лайнер"". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  5. "New Russian Missile Blows Away Competition". RT. Ocnus.net. 10 August 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  6. Podvig, Pavel (23 May 2011). "What is Liner SLBM?". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Russianforces.org. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  7. В России создана ракета в два раза мощнее "Булавы" [In Russia, the launcher twice as powerful "Bulava"]. Lenta.Ru (in Russian). Lenta.ru. 9 August 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  8. Podvig, Pavel (20 May 2011). "Another Sineva launch from Ekaterinburg submarine". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Russianforces.org. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  9. Минобороны успешно запустило новую баллистическую ракету [Ministry of Defense has successfully launched a new ballistic missile]. Lenta.Ru (in Russian). Lenta.ru. 29 September 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  10. "Russia successfully tests new strategic missile". Xinhua News Agency. News.cn. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  11. "Liner missile to enter Russia Navy". Voice of Russia. Ruvr.ru. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  12. "Liner missile won't substitute Bulava – source". RIA Novosti. Rusnavy.com. 10 August 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  13. "Russia Finished Development of SLBM Liner". Rusnavy.com. 24 February 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  14. "ОАО "ГРЦ Макеева". Информационный ресурс. Новости". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  15. "ОАО "ГРЦ Макеева". Информационный ресурс. Новости". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  16. "Лайнер" пойдет в тираж ["Liner" will enter service]. Interfax (in Russian). Interfax.ru. 6 October 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.

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