Mulatto
Mulatto adalah sebuah istilah yang awalnya digunakan untuk menyebut orang yang dari satu orang tua kulit hitam dan satu orang tua kulit putih, atau orang yang lahir dari orang tua mulatto. Istilah tersebut sekarang umumnya dipakai dalam konteks sejarah, dan orang campuran kulit putih dan hitam pemakai bahasa Inggris jarang memilih untuk mengidentifikasi diri mereka sendiri sebagai "mulatto".[6]
| Jumlah populasi | |
|---|---|
| Daerah dengan populasi signifikan | |
| Amerika Latin, Caribbean, Amerika Serikat, Afrika Selatan, Angola, Brasil, Tanjung Verde, Mozambik, Guinea-Bissau, Kepulauan Mascarene, Britania Raya, Prancis, Portugal, Namibia | |
| Bahasa | |
| Portugis, Spanyol, Inggris, Prancis, Belanda, Afrikaans, bahasa-bahasa kreol, dan lain-lain. | |
| Etnis terkait | |
| Bangsa Afrika, Eropa (sebagian besar Britania, Irlandia, Prancis, Iberia, dan Belanda), dan Amerika Asli |
Referensi
- Catatan
- Kutipan
- Pardo Brasil (kelompok Pardo meliputi Mulatto namun juga Mestizo, Castizo, Eurasia, dan Gipsi)
- Demografi Kuba
- Demografi Afrika Selatan
- Campuran (kategori etnisitas Britania Raya)
- 2010 US census p.5
- White Americans Admixture Serving History; "The Ancestry of Brazilian mtDNA Lineages" National Library of Medicine, NIH; "Y-STR diversity and ethnic admixture in White and Mulatto Brazilian population samples" Scielo.
Bacaan tambahan
- McNeil, Daniel (2010). Sex and Race in the Black Atlantic: Mulatto Devils and Multiracial Messiahs. Routledge.
- Sweet, Frank W. (2005). Legal History of the Color Line: The Rise and Triumph of the One-Drop Rule. Backintime Publishing.
- Tenzer, Lawrence Raymond (1997). The Forgotten Cause of the Civil War: A New Look at the Slavery Issue. Scholars' Pub. House.
- Talty, Stephan (2003). Mulatto America: At the Crossroads of Black and White Culture: A Social History. HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
- Gatewood, Willard B. (1990). Aristocrats of Color: The Black Elite, 1880-1920. Indiana University Press.
- Eguilaz y Yanguas, Leopoldo (1886). Glosario de las palabras españolas (castellanas, catalanas, gallegas, mallorquinas, portuguesas, valencianas y bascongadas), de orígen oriental (árabe, hebreo, malayo, persa y turco) (dalam bahasa Spanish). Granada: La Lealtad.
- Freitag, Ulrike; Clarence-Smith, William G., ed. (1997). Hadhrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s. Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia. 57. Leiden: Brill. hlm. 392. ISBN 90-04-10771-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-06-28. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-14. Engseng Ho, an anthropologist, discusses the role of the muwallad in the region. The term muwallad, used primarily in reference to those of "mixed blood", is analyzed through ethnographic and textual information.
- Freitag, Ulrike (December 1999). "Hadhrami migration in the 19th and 20th centuries". The British-Yemeni Society. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2000-07-12. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-14.
- Myntti, Cynthia (1994). "Interview: Hamid al-Gadri". Yemen Update. American Institute for Yemeni Studies. 34 (44): 14–9. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-06-18. Diakses tanggal 2008-07-14.
- Williamson, Joel (1980). New People: Miscegenation and Mulattoes in the United States. The Free Press.
Pranala luar
- A Brief History of Census “Race”
- Surprises in the Family Tree
- The Mulatto Factor in Black Family Genealogy
- Dr. David Pilgrim, "The Tragic Mulatto Myth", Jim Crow Museum, Ferris State University
- At "Race Relations" Diarsipkan 2009-03-10 di Wayback Machine., in-depth research links on Mulattoes, About.com
- Encarta's breakdown of Mulatto people( Diarsipkan 2008-05-17 di Wayback Machine. 2009-11-01)
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mulatto". Encyclopædia Britannica (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press.
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