Tepi Macclesfield

Tepi Macclesfield
Pulau-pulau dipersengketakan; Nama lain: (Bahasa Inggris) Middle Sand Islands[1]
	Tepi Macclesfield
Geografi
Lokasi	Laut Tiongkok Selatan
Koordinat	16°00′N 114°30′E
Total pulau	0
Pulau utama	Tidak ada
Wilayah	6.448 kilometer persegi (2.490 sq mi) total, 0 km² lahan/pulau
Panjang	Sekitar 130 kilometer (81 mi)
Lebar	Sekitar 70 kilometer (43 mi)
Titik tertinggi	Punggung laut tidak bernama; −92 meter (−302 ft)
Wilayah administrasi
	Tiongkok
Prefektur ; Provinsi	Sansha[2]Hainan
Diklaim oleh
	Taiwan
Munisipalitas	Kaohsiung
Demografi
Populasi	Tidak ada

Tepi Macclesfield adalah sebuah wilayah karang di bawah laut yang berada di Laut Tiongkok Selatan, berbatasan dengan di sebelah timur Kepulauan Paracel, sebelah barat laut Kepulauan Pratas dan sebelah utara Kepulauan Spratly dengan luas wilayah lautan mencapai 6.448 km² (2.490 sq mi)[3][4] Tepi Macclesfield dalam wilayah Republik Rakyat Tiongkok disebut sebagai Kepulauan Zhongsha.

Laut Tiongkok Selatan

Sejarah

Tepi Macclesfield diberi nama oleh Angkatan Laut Inggris, HMS Macclesfield, pada tahun 1804.[5][6][7]

Geografi

Nama dalam Bahasa Inggris	Nama Romanisasi	Nama dalam Mandarin	Koordinat
Siamese Shoal	Simen Ansha	西門暗沙	15°58′N 114°03′E
Bankok Shoal	Bengu Ansha	本固暗沙	16°00′N 114°06′E
Magpie Shoal	Meibin Ansha	美濱暗沙	16°03′N 114°13′E
Carpenter Shoal	Luban Ansha	魯班暗沙	16°04′N 114°18′E
Oliver Shoal	Zhongbei Ansha	中北暗沙	15°57′N 115°24′E
Pigmy (Pygmy) Shoal	Biwei Ansha	比微暗沙	16°13′N 114°44′E
Engeria (Egeria) Bank	Yinji Tan	隱磯灘	16°03′N 114°56′E
Howard Shoal	Wuyong Ansha	武勇暗沙	15°52′N 114°47′E
Learmonth Shoal	Jimeng Ansha	濟猛暗沙	15°42′N 114°41′E
Plover Shoal	Haijiu Ansha	海鳩暗沙	15°36′N 114°28′E
Addington Patch	Anding Lianjiao	安定連礁	15°37′N 114°24′E
Smith Shoal	Meixi Ansha	美溪暗沙	15°27′N 114°12′E
Bassett Shoal	Bude Ansha	布德暗沙	15°27′N 114°10′E
Balfour Shoal	Bofu Ansha	波洑暗沙 atau 伏洑暗沙	15°27′N 114°00′E
Parry Shoal	Paibo Ansha	排波暗沙	15°29′N 113°51′E
Cawston Shoal	Guodian Ansha	果淀暗沙	15°32′N 113°46′E
Penguin Bank	Paihong Tan	排洪灘	15°38′N 113°43′E
Tancred Shoal	Taojing Ansha	濤靜暗沙	15°41′N 113°54′E
Combe Shoal	Kongpai Ansha	控湃暗沙	15°48′N 113°54′E
Cathy (Cathay) Shoal	Huaxia Ansha	華夏暗沙	15°54′N 113°58′E
Hardy Patches	Shitang Lianjiao	石塘連礁	16°02′N 114°46′E
Hand Shoal	Zhizhang Ansha	指掌暗沙	16°00′N 114°39′E
Margesson Shoal	Nanfei Ansha	南扉暗沙	15°55′N 114°38′E
Walker Shoal	Manbu Ansha	漫步暗沙	15°55′N 114°29′E
Phillip's Shoal	Lexi Ansha	樂西暗沙	15°52′N 114°25′E
Payne Shoal	Pingnan Ansha	屏南暗沙	15°52′N 114°34′E

Klaim

Tepi Macclesfield telah diklaim dan menjadi bagian dari negara Republik Rakyat Tiongkok[8] dan Taiwan (Republik Tiongkok).[9][10][10][11][12][13]

Sebagai wilayah yang berada di bawah air laut, beberapa pengamat terkait mempertanyakan mengenai kesepakatan klaim wilayah di dalam United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.[14][15][16][17]

Lihat pula

Catatan dan referensi

Jones, Gareth Wyn (2002). "Provinces". Dalam Boland-Crewe, Tara and Lea, David. The Territories of the People's Republic of China. London: Europa Publications. hlm. 101. ISBN 978-0-203-40311-2.
中华人民共和国民政部 (People's Republic of China Ministry of Civil Affairs) (21 June 2012). "民政部关于国务院批准设立地级三沙市的公告 (Ministry of Civil Affairs on the State Council approved the establishment of the level of Sansha's notice)" (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 June 2012.
List of data for various geographic features (2001), The Geological Society of America Diarsipkan 2012-08-03 di Wayback Machine..
"Philippines protests China's moving in on Macclesfield Bank". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 6 Juli 2012.
"Timeline". History of the Spratlys. www.spratlys.org. Diakses tanggal 21 Maret 2014.
Chemillier-Gendreau, Monique (2000). Sovereignty Over the Paracel and Spratly Islands. Kluwer Law International. ISBN 9041113819.
- a strxxxxxxxPUBLICATIONS/Pages/NauticalPubs.aspx China Sea pilot, Volume 1 (8th Edition) Periksa nilai |url= (bantuan). Taunton: UKHO - United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. 2010.
"Vietnam Law on Contested Islands Draws China's Ire". The New York Times. June 21, 2012. Diakses tanggal 28 Juni 2012.
"Taiwan renews sovereignty claim over South China Sea islands". Focus Taiwan. Diakses tanggal June 28, 2012. Teks "date5 Mei 2012" akan diabaikan (bantuan)
"Limits in the Seas - No. 127 Taiwan's Maritime Claims" (PDF). United States Department of State. November ,15 2005. Diakses tanggal 1 Juli 2012.
"Philippines protests China's moving in on Macclesfield Bank". Inquirer.net. July 6, 2012. Diakses tanggal July 6, 2012.
Zaide, Jose (July 10, 2012). "Saan Siya?". Manila Bulletin. Diakses tanggal 31 Oktober 2012.
http://www.southchinasea.org/files/2011/08/eez3_full.jpg
Poling, Gregory (2012-07-05). "Time to End Strategic Ambiguity in the South China Sea". Center for Strategic and International Studies. Diakses tanggal 2012-07-21.
Seoung-Yong Hong;Jon M. Van Dyke (2009). Maritime Boundary Disputes, Settlement Processes, and the Law of the Sea (Publications on Ocean Development). Brill. hlm. 149.
Chi-kin Lo (1989). China's Policy Towards Territorial Disputes: The Case of the South China Sea Islands. Routledge. hlm. 25.
Clive Ralph Symmons (1995). Some Problems Relating to the Definition of "insular Formations" in International Law: Islands and Low-tide Elevations. International Boundaries Research Unit. hlm. 12.

Pranala luar

Nautical Information
ROC's home page Diarsipkan 2004-04-08 di Wayback Machine.
Taiwanese List Diarsipkan 2012-11-06 di Wayback Machine.

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[1] Jones, Gareth Wyn (2002). "Provinces". Dalam Boland-Crewe, Tara and Lea, David. The Territories of the People's Republic of China. London: Europa Publications. hlm. 101. ISBN 978-0-203-40311-2.

[2] 中华人民共和国民政部 (People's Republic of China Ministry of Civil Affairs) (21 June 2012). "民政部关于国务院批准设立地级三沙市的公告 (Ministry of Civil Affairs on the State Council approved the establishment of the level of Sansha's notice)" (dalam bahasa Tionghoa). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 June 2012.

[autogenerated1-3] List of data for various geographic features (2001), The Geological Society of America Diarsipkan 2012-08-03 di Wayback Machine..

[4] "Philippines protests China's moving in on Macclesfield Bank". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 6 Juli 2012.

[5] "Timeline". History of the Spratlys. www.spratlys.org. Diakses tanggal 21 Maret 2014.

[6] Chemillier-Gendreau, Monique (2000). Sovereignty Over the Paracel and Spratly Islands. Kluwer Law International. ISBN 9041113819.

[7] - a strxxxxxxxPUBLICATIONS/Pages/NauticalPubs.aspx China Sea pilot, Volume 1 (8th Edition) Periksa nilai |url= (bantuan). Taunton: UKHO - United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. 2010.

[NYTarticle-8] "Vietnam Law on Contested Islands Draws China's Ire". The New York Times. June 21, 2012. Diakses tanggal 28 Juni 2012.

[9] "Taiwan renews sovereignty claim over South China Sea islands". Focus Taiwan. Diakses tanggal June 28, 2012. Teks "date5 Mei 2012" akan diabaikan (bantuan)

[USStateDept-10] "Limits in the Seas - No. 127 Taiwan's Maritime Claims" (PDF). United States Department of State. November ,15 2005. Diakses tanggal 1 Juli 2012.

[11] "Philippines protests China's moving in on Macclesfield Bank". Inquirer.net. July 6, 2012. Diakses tanggal July 6, 2012.

[mb_zaide-12] Zaide, Jose (July 10, 2012). "Saan Siya?". Manila Bulletin. Diakses tanggal 31 Oktober 2012.

[13] ttp://www.southchinasea.org/files/2011/08/eez3_full.jpg

[14] Poling, Gregory (2012-07-05). "Time to End Strategic Ambiguity in the South China Sea". Center for Strategic and International Studies. Diakses tanggal 2012-07-21.

[syh-15] Seoung-Yong Hong;Jon M. Van Dyke (2009). Maritime Boundary Disputes, Settlement Processes, and the Law of the Sea (Publications on Ocean Development). Brill. hlm. 149.

[ckl-16] Chi-kin Lo (1989). China's Policy Towards Territorial Disputes: The Case of the South China Sea Islands. Routledge. hlm. 25.

[17] Clive Ralph Symmons (1995). Some Problems Relating to the Definition of "insular Formations" in International Law: Islands and Low-tide Elevations. International Boundaries Research Unit. hlm. 12.

Negara di Asia Tenggara
Negara berdaulat	Brunei Filipina Indonesia Kamboja Laos Malaysia Myanmar Singapura Thailand Timor Leste Vietnam
Dependensi	Pulau Natal (Australia) Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling) (Australia)
Daerah yang dipertentangkan	Sungai Naf (Bangladesh, Myanmar) Tepi Macclesfield (RRT, RT, Vietnam) Kepulauan Paracel (RRT, RT, Vietnam) Kepulauan Pratas (RRT, RT) Sabah (Malaysia, Filipina) Beting Scarborough (Filipina, RRT, RT) Kepulauan Spratly (Brunei, Malaysia, Filipina, RRT, RT, Vietnam)
Gerakan separatis	Maluku Papua Aceh Nagaland Wa Zogam Bangsamoro Patani Sabah Serawak