2025 in spaceflight

This article documents expected notable spaceflight events during the year 2025.

2025 in spaceflight
The Artemis III mission is scheduled to carry astronauts to the lunar south pole in 2025.

In 2025, NASA's Artemis Program is expected to launch the Artemis III mission, which will land astronauts near the south pole of the Moon. It is expected to be the first mission to land humans on the Moon since 1972.

The first uncrewed flight of Orel, Russia's replacement for the crewed Soyuz spacecraft, is scheduled for 2025. Russia also plans to launch the Spektr-UV (World Space Observatory-Ultraviolet), a space telescope that will be developed by multiple nations.

China plans to launch the Tianwen-2 (ZhengHe) asteroid sample-return and comet probe[1] and the Chang'e 6 sample-return mission.[2]

As of 2021, the mission of the Juno spacecraft orbiting Jupiter is targeted to end no later than September 2025. NASA has stated that the mission could end sooner depending on potential damage from the system's radiation belts during fly-bys of Europa in 2022, and Io in 2023 and 2024.[3][4]

Orbital launches
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)		 Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

January (TBD)[5][6] TBA Vandenberg TBA
OSAM-1 NASA Low Earth (SSO) Satellite servicing 
Formerly known as Restore-L, the first On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing (OSAM-1) mission will rendezvous with Landsat 7 and refuel it. OSAM-1 will also host the Space Infrastructure Dexterous Robot (SPIDER) and demonstrate satellite servicing technologies.[7][8][9]
January (TBD)[10] TBA TBA TBA
Transport Layer Tranche 1 × 21 SDA Low Earth (SSO) Military communications 
Fifth of six launches for the Space Development Agency's Transport Layer Tranche 1.

February

1 February[5][11] Falcon 9 Block 5 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
IMAP NASA Sun–Earth L1 Heliophysics 
GLIDE NASA Sun–Earth L1 Exosphere research 
Solar Cruiser NASA Sun–Earth L1 Technology demonstration 
SWFO-L1 NOAA Sun–Earth L1 Space weather 
Part of the Solar Terrestrial Probes program. Under NASA's SMD Rideshare Initiative, multiple secondary spacecraft will be launched along with IMAP to the Sun–Earth L1 point.[12]
February (TBD)[10] TBA TBA TBA
Transport Layer Tranche 1 × 21 SDA Low Earth (SSO) Military communications 
Last of six launches for the Space Development Agency's Transport Layer Tranche 1.

March

Q1 (TBD)[13] Ariane 62 Kourou ELA-4 Arianespace
Metop-SG A1[15] EUMETSAT Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology 
First of six MetOp-SG launches.[16]
Q1 (TBD)[17][18] Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat Vostochny Site 1S Roscosmos
Kanopus-VO №2 Roscosmos Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 

April

April (TBD)[19] Falcon 9 Block 5 Vandenberg SLC-4E SpaceX
SPHEREx NASA Low Earth (SSO) Near-infrared astronomy 
PUNCH NASA Low Earth (SSO) Heliophysics 

May

May (TBD)[20][21] TBA TBA TBA
Tracking Layer Tranche 1 × 7 SDA Low Earth Missile tracking 
First of four launches for the Space Development Agency's Tracking Layer Tranche 1.

June

June (TBD)[20][21] TBA TBA TBA
Tracking Layer Tranche 1 × 7 SDA Low Earth Missile tracking 
Second of four launches for the Space Development Agency's Tracking Layer Tranche 1.
Q2 (TBD)[22] Ariane 64 Kourou ELA-4 Arianespace
TBA TBA Geosynchronous TBA 
Multi-Launch Service (MLS) #1 rideshare mission.
Q2 (TBD)[22] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
TBA TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA 
Small Satellites Mission Service (SSMS) #14 rideshare mission.
Mid 2025 (TBD)[23] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
ALTIUS ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 
FLEX ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 
FLEX is the eighth Earth Explorer of the Living Planet Programme.
H1 2025 (TBD)[24] TBA TBA TBA
TBA NASA TLI to lunar surface Lunar lander 
Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) mission delivering payloads to the Gruithuisen Domes.

July

July (TBD)[20][21] TBA TBA TBA
Tracking Layer Tranche 1 × 7 SDA Low Earth Missile tracking 
Third of four launches for the Space Development Agency's Tracking Layer Tranche 1.

August

August (TBD)[25][26] Angara A5 Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Luna 27 Roscosmos TLI to lunar surface Lunar lander 
August (TBD)[20][21] TBA TBA TBA
Tracking Layer Tranche 1 × 7 SDA Low Earth Missile tracking 
Last of four launches for the Space Development Agency's Tracking Layer Tranche 1.

September

Q3 (TBD)[22] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
TBA TBA Low Earth (SSO) TBA 
SSMS #13 rideshare mission.
Q3 (TBD)[22] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
TBA TBA Low Earth TBA 
SSMS #15 rideshare mission.

October

November

November (TBD)[27][28] Falcon 9 Block 5 Cape Canaveral or Vandenberg SpaceX
FORMOSAT-8B NSPO Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 
November (TBD)[29] Falcon 9 Block 5 Vandenberg SLC-4E SpaceX
Sentinel-6B NASA / NOAA / EUMETSAT / ESA Low Earth Earth observation 
November (TBD)[30] PSLV Satish Dhawan ISRO
Oceansat-3A[32] ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Oceanography 
November (TBD)[30] PSLV Satish Dhawan ISRO
Resourcesat-3 ISRO Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 

December

Q4 (TBD)[13] Ariane 62 Kourou ELA-4 Arianespace
Metop-SG B1[34] EUMETSAT Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology 
Second of six MetOp-SG launches.[16]
Q4 (TBD)[35] New Glenn Cape Canaveral LC-36 Blue Origin
Axiom Hab One (AxH1) Axiom Space Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly / Space habitat 
First Axiom Orbital Segment module to be launched, nominally on New Glenn (with Falcon Heavy as backup).[36]
Q4 (TBD)[13][37] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
CO2M-A (Sentinel-7A)[39] ESA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 
First satellite of the Copernicus Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Monitoring mission.[40] Part of the European Space Agency's Copernicus Programme.
Q4 (TBD)[41] TBA TBA Roscosmos
Ekspress-RV1 RSCC Highly elliptical Communications 
First satellite of the Ekspress-RV constellation. Ekspress-RV will cover Russia's Far North, which is inaccessible to the main Ekspress constellation in geosynchronous orbit.[42][43]
Q4 (TBD)[44] TBA Cape Canaveral TBA
GPS III-09 Onizuka U.S. Space Force Medium Earth Navigation 
Named after NASA astronaut Ellison Onizuka.
Q4 (TBD)[45] TBA TBA TBA
Oracle AFRL Space Vehicles Directorate Earth–Moon L1 Space domain awareness 
Cislunar Highway Patrol System (CHPS).
Q4 (TBD)[35][46] TBA TBA TBA
SEE-1 Space Entertainment Enterprise Low Earth (ISS) Commercial space habitat 
Future inflatable space habitat docked to the Axiom Orbital Segment at the ISS. Advertised as the world's first dedicated studio in space.
Q4 (TBD)[24] TBA TBA TBA
TBA NASA TLI to lunar surface Lunar lander 
CLPS mission delivering payloads to the lunar south pole. ESA's Package for Resource Observation and in-Situ Prospecting for Exploration, Commercial exploitation, and Transportation (PROSPECT) payload will fly on this mission.

To be determined

2025 (TBD)[47][48] Angara A5 / DM-03[49] Plesetsk Roscosmos
Luch-5M 1[51] Gonets Satellite System Geosynchronous Communications 
2025 (TBD)[52] Angara A5 Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Orel Roscosmos Low Earth Flight test 
First uncrewed test flight of Russia's new crewed spacecraft, Orel. First launch of Angara A5 from Vostochny.
2025 (TBD)[52][53] Angara A5P Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Orel Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Flight test 
First flight of the Angara A5P, a crew-rated variant of the Angara A5.[54] An uncrewed Orel capsule will be sent to the International Space Station to test docking procedures.
2025 (TBD)[55][54] Angara A5P Vostochny Site 1A Roscosmos
Orel Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) Crewed flight test 
Crewed flight test of the Orel capsule to the International Space Station.
2025 (TBD)[56] Ariane 62 Kourou ELA-4 Arianespace
Galileo FOC FM33 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 
Galileo FOC FM34 ESA Medium Earth Navigation 
Final batch of first generation Galileo-FOC satellites.
2025 (TBD)[57] Ariane 64 Kourou ELA-4 Arianespace
Intelsat 41 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 
Intelsat 44 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 
2025 (TBD)[58][59] Cyclone-4M Spaceport Nova Scotia MLS
TBA GALAXIA Mission Systems Low Earth Ship tracking 
First Cyclone-4M launch.
2025 (TBD)[60] Falcon 9 Block 5 Cape Canaveral or Kennedy SpaceX
Skynet 6A Airbus Defence and Space / UK Ministry of Defence Geosynchronous Military communications 
2025 (TBD)[61] Falcon 9 Block 5 Cape Canaveral or Kennedy SpaceX
SpainSat NG II Hisdesat Geosynchronous Communications 
2025 (TBD)[62] H3 Tanegashima LA-Y2 MHI
IGS-Optical Diversification 1 CIRO Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 
First of a new generation of IGS-Optical satellites.
2025 (TBD)[62] H3 Tanegashima LA-Y2 MHI
IGS-Optical 9 CIRO Low Earth (SSO) Reconnaissance 
2025 (TBD)[63] Long March 3B/E (?) Xichang or Wenchang CASC
Fengyun 4C[65] CMA Geosynchronous Meteorology 
2025 (TBD)[1] Long March 3B Xichang CASC
Tianwen-2 CNSA Heliocentric Asteroid sample-return
Comet orbiter		 
Formerly known as ZhengHe.
2025 (TBD)[66] Long March 4B Jiuquan SLS-2 CASC
HaiYang 2G[69][70] Ministry of Natural Resources Low Earth Earth observation 
2025 (TBD)[71][72] Long March 5 Wenchang LC-1 CASC
Asteroid impactor CNSA Heliocentric Asteroid redirect test 
Asteroid orbiter CNSA Heliocentric Asteroid flyby 
Planetary defense mission, targeting 2020 PN1.
2025 (TBD)[2][73] Long March 5 Wenchang LC-1 CASC
Chang'e 6 CNSA Selenocentric to lunar surface Lunar lander
Sample-return mission		 
⚀ ICECUBE-Q[75] SUPARCO Selenocentric Lunar orbiter 
2025 (TBD)[66] Long March TBA TBA CASC
HaiYang 3D[77] Ministry of Natural Resources Geosynchronous Earth observation 
2025 (TBD)[78][79] RFA One Andøya RFA
⚀ E.T.PACK SENER Aeroespacial / UC3M Low Earth Electrodynamic tether demonstration 
2025 (TBD)[80] RFA One Andøya RFA
TBA LuxSpace Low Earth TBA 
Dedicated launch contract for LuxSpace.
2025 (TBD)[81] SLS Block 1 Kennedy LC-39B NASA
Artemis 3 NASA Selenocentric Crewed lunar landing 
Second crewed Orion flight and first crewed lunar landing since Apollo 17 in 1972.
2025 (TBD)[82] SL1 Esrange HyImpulse
ION Satellite Carrier D-Orbit Low Earth (SSO) CubeSat deployer 
2025 (TBD)[83] Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat Vostochny Site 1S Roscosmos
Kondor-FKA-M №1[85] Roscosmos Low Earth Reconnaissance 
2025 (TBD)[86][87] Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat Baikonur Roscosmos
Rezonans-MKA Roscosmos Tundra Magnetospheric research 
2025 (TBD)[88] Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Baikonur Roscosmos
Arktika-M №3[90] Roscosmos Molniya Meteorology 
2025 (TBD)[91] Soyuz-2.1b Vostochny Site 1S Roscosmos
Gonets-M Gonets Satellite System Low Earth Communications 
Gonets-M Gonets Satellite System Low Earth Communications 
Gonets-M Gonets Satellite System Low Earth Communications 
BLITS-M2 × 2 Roscosmos Medium Earth Laser ranging 
GLASS × 2 Roscosmos Medium Earth Laser ranging 
2025 (TBD)[92] Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Vostochny Site 1S Roscosmos
Meteor-M №2-6[94] Roscosmos Low Earth (SSO) Meteorology 
2025 (TBD)[95] Soyuz-2.1b Vostochny Site 1S Roscosmos
Resurs-PM №2[97] Roscosmos Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 
2025 (TBD)[98] Soyuz-6 Baikonur Site 1/5 Roscosmos
TBA Roscosmos Low Earth Flight test 
First flight of the Soyuz-6.
2025 (TBD)[99] Terran R Cape Canaveral LC-16 Relativity Space
OneWeb × ? OneWeb Low Earth Communications 
First of multiple Terran R launches for OneWeb's Gen 2 constellation.
2025 (TBD)[100][101] Vega-C[102] Kourou ELV Arianespace
SHALOM ASI / ISA Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 
2025 (TBD)[103][104] Vega-C Kourou ELV Arianespace
SMILE CAS / ESA Molniya Earth observation 
2025 (TBD)[105] TBA TBA TBA
Beresheet 2 orbiter SpaceIL / ISA Selenocentric Lunar orbiter 
Beresheet 2 lander 1 SpaceIL / ISA Selenocentric to lunar surface Lunar lander 
Beresheet 2 lander 2 SpaceIL / ISA Selenocentric to lunar surface Lunar lander 
2025 (TBD)[106][107] TBA TBA TBA
Beyond 5G NSPO / ITRI Low Earth Communications 
2025 (TBD)[108] TBA TBA TBA
CAS500-5 KARI / Ministry of Science and ICT / Ministry of Environment Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 
Fifth CAS500 satellite, dedicated to observation of water resources.[109]
2025 (TBD)[110] TBA TBA TBA
COSI NASA Low Earth Gamma-ray astronomy 
Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI). Part of NASA's Small Explorers program.
2025 (TBD)[111][112] TBA Baikonur or Vostochny Roscosmos
Ekspress-AMU5 RSCC Geosynchronous Communications 
2025 (TBD)[113] TBA TBA TBA
Intelsat 45 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications 
2025 (TBD)[114][115] TBA Cape Canaveral or Kennedy SpaceX
Koreasat 6A KT SAT Geosynchronous Communications 
Replacement for Koreasat 6.
2025 (TBD)[116] TBA TBA TBA
LSAS lander OHB / IAI Selenocentric Lunar lander 
TBA TBA Geosynchronous Communications 
First mission under the Lunar Surface Access Service (LSAS) program, a joint initiative between OHB and IAI. Will rideshare alongside a commercial geostationary satellite.[117]
2025 (TBD)[118] TBA TBA TBA
Lunar Pathfinder[120] SSTL / ESA Selenocentric (ELFO) Communications 
Will be launched to an Elliptical Lunar Frozen Orbit (ELFO).
2025 (TBD)[121] TBA TBA TBA
MULA PhilSA / UP Diliman / DOST-ASTI Low Earth (SSO) Earth observation 
H2 2025 (TBD)[122] TBA TBA TBA
OPIR-1 U.S. Space Force Geosynchronous Early warning 
First satellite of the Overhead Persistent Infrared (OPIR) constellation, follow-up of SBIRS.
H2 2025 (TBD)[123] TBA TBA TBA
SBN-1 × 6 Saturn Satellite Networks Geosynchronous Communications 
Space Broadband Networks-1 (SBN-1).
2025 (TBD)[124] TBA TBA TBA
SERIES-2 Draper / NASA TLI to lunar surface Lunar lander 
Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) mission delivering payloads to Schrödinger Basin. The Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Experiment (LuSEE), a flight spare from the FIELDS instrument on the Parker Solar Probe, will fly on this mission.

Suborbital flights
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)		 Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
21 January[125] Black Brant IX Poker Flat Research Range NASA
OGRE Penn State University Suborbital X-ray astronomy 
Off-Plane Grating Rocket Experiment (OGRE).
21 January[125] Black Brant IX Poker Flat Research Range NASA
AURORA (BADAS) Goddard Space Flight Center Suborbital  
Black and Diffuse Aurora Science Surveyor (BADAS).
22 January[125] Terrier Oriole Wallops Flight Facility NASA
ASPIRE 2 JPL Suborbital Technology demonstration 
February (TBD)[126] Improved Malemute Esrange TBA
ORIGIN[127] KTH Suborbital Nightglow observation 
First flight of the ORIGIN launch campaign.
February (TBD)[126] Improved Malemute Esrange TBA
ORIGIN[127] KTH Suborbital Nightglow observation 
Second flight of the ORIGIN launch campaign.
March (TBD)[126] Improved Orion Esrange MORABA / SNSA
REXUS-33 DLR / SNSA Suborbital Education 
March (TBD)[126] Improved Orion Esrange MORABA / SNSA
REXUS-34 DLR / SNSA Suborbital Education 
April (TBD)[126] VSB-30 S1X-5/M17 Esrange SSC
MASER-17 SSC Suborbital Microgravity research 
SubOrbital Express Microgravity flight opportunity 17.
September (TBD)[126] VSB-30 Esrange MORABA
MAPHEUS-16 DLR Suborbital Microgravity research 
1 October[125] Black Brant IX Wallops Flight Facility NASA
MAV-FT 1 NASA / JPL Suborbital Flight test 
First of multiple Mars Ascent Vehicle Flight Tests (MAV-FT).
October (TBD)[126] VS-30 Esrange SSC
SYSTER[129] KTH Suborbital Thermospheric research 
October (TBD)[126] VSB-30 Esrange MORABA
MAIUS-4 ZARM Suborbital Matter wave interferometry 
Fourth payload launch for the QUANTUS IV - MAIUS project.[130]
November (TBD)[126] VSB-30 Esrange MORABA
TEXUS-63 DLR / ESA Suborbital Microgravity research 

Deep-space rendezvous
Date (UTC) Spacecraft Event Remarks
9 January BepiColombo Sixth gravity assist at Mercury
20 April Lucy Flyby of asteroid 52246 Donaldjohanson Target altitude 922 km
5 December BepiColombo Hermocentric orbit insertion at Mercury

Extravehicular activities (EVAs)
Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks

Orbital launch statistics

By country

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.

Country Launches Successes Failures Partial
failures		 Remarks

By rocket

By family

Family Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks

By type

Rocket Country Family Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks

By configuration

Rocket Country Type Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks

By spaceport

Site Country Launches Successes Failures Partial failures Remarks

By orbit

Orbital regime Launches Achieved Not achieved Accidentally
achieved		 Remarks
Transatmospheric0000
Low Earth0000
Geosynchronous / transfer0000
Medium Earth0000
High Earth0000
Heliocentric orbit0000Including planetary transfer orbits

Expected maiden flights

Notes

    References
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      2024 Queqiao-2 data relay
      2025 Chang'e-6 lunar sample return from far side
      2026 Chang'e-7 lunar landing in south pole
      2028 Chang'e-8 basic model of lunar research station"       (Tweet). Retrieved 25 November 2022 – via Twitter.
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    Generic references:
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