Desia language
Desia,[1] also Desiya or Desia Odia or Koraputi Odia or Southwestern Odia, is an Indo-Aryan language variety (sociolinguistically considered as a dialect of Odia) spoken in Koraput, Nabarangpur, Rayagada, Malkangiri districts and little parts of Kalahandi district of Odisha and in the hilly regions of Vishakhapatnam and Vizianagaram districts of Andhra Pradesh.[2] The variant spoken in Koraput is called Koraputia.
| Desia | |
|---|---|
| Desiya, Desia Odia | |
| ଦେଶିଆ | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Odisha (Koraput, Malkangiri, Rayagada, Nabarangpur, Kalahandi) |
| Ethnicity | Odias |
Native speakers | 230,000 (2011 census) |
| Odia | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:dso – Desiyaort – Adivasi Oriya |
| Glottolog | adiv1239 |
Desia serves as the lingua franca among the different ethnic groups in the area[3] and is the major regional tribal-non-tribal dialect continuum of the undivided Koraput district of the Southwestern Odisha region.[4][5][6][7][8]
Phonology
Desia variety has 21 consonant phonemes, 2 semivowel phonemes and 6 vowel phonemes.[9]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Low | a | ɔ |
There are no long vowels in Desia just like Standard Odia.
| Labial | Alveolar /Dental |
Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
| Stop/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | ʈ | tʃ | k | |
| voiceless aspirated | |||||||
| voiced | b | d | ɖ | dʒ | ɡ | ||
| voiced aspirated | |||||||
| Fricative | s | ɦ | |||||
| Trill/Flap | ɾ | ɽ~ɽʰ | |||||
| Lateral approximant | l | ||||||
| Approximant | w | j | |||||
Desia shows loss of both voiceless and voiced aspirated consonants as well as retroflex consonants like retroflex unaspirated nasal(voiced retroflex nasal) ɳ (ଣ) and voiced retroflex lateral approximant [ɭ] (ଳ) which are present in Standard Odia.
References
- Masica (1991:426)
- "Desiya", in Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig, eds. (2020). Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Twenty-third edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
- Gustafsson, Uwe (1978). "Procedural discourse in Kotia Oriya". In Joseph E. Grimes (ed.), Papers on discourse, 283-97. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
- Mohan, Shriya (January 10, 2018). "Speak up, India". The Hindu.
- Vishnu, Uma (May 15, 2016). "This way to school: How dismal indicators for education in Odisha's Nabarangpur are slowly changing". The Indian Express.
- "Census of India : Linguistic survey of India Orissa".
- Mahapatra, B.P. (2002). Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa (PDF). Kolkata, India: Language Division, Office of the Registrar General. p. 2. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- Mahapatra, B.P. (2002). Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa (PDF). Kolkata, India: Language Division, Office of the Registrar General. p. 20. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
- Mahapatra, B.P. (2002). Linguistic Survey of India: Orissa (PDF). Kolkata, India: Language Division, Office of the Registrar General. p. 94,95. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
Further reading
- Masica, Colin (1991). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2.