February 1962

The following events occurred in February 1962:

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February 17, 1962: 345 West Germans die in North Sea floods
February 20, 1962: John Glenn becomes first American in orbit
February 14, 1962: Jackie Kennedy gives White House tour on TV

February 1, 1962 (Thursday)

February 2, 1962 (Friday)
  • Three U.S. Air Force officers were killed when their Fairchild C-123 Provider became the first USAF plane to be lost in Vietnam, as the U.S. carried out Operation Ranch Hand. The cause of the crash was not determined, although the concern, that it was shot down by Communist insurgents, led to orders that the defoliant spraying aircraft receive a fighter escort.[5]
  • The Soviet Union conducted its very first underground nuclear test. Previously, the Soviets had conducted all of their atomic and hydrogen bomb explosions in the atmosphere, including more than fifty since ending a moratorium on testing.[6]
  • John Uelses became the first person to surpass 16 feet (4.88m) in the pole vault, clearing the mark by 0.25 inches (6.4 mm) at the Millrose Games in New York City. Uelses was assisted by use of a pole made of fiberglass.[7] Prior to 1930, existing techniques limited the maximum height of vaulting to 14 feet (4.3 m). After Cornelius Warmerdam cleared 15 feet (4.6 m) in 1942, the 16-foot (4.9 m) barrier had been pursued for more than twenty years.[8][9]
  • Pope John XXIII announced the date for "Vatican II", the first worldwide conclave of the Roman Catholic Church in almost 100 years, to begin in Rome on October 11.[10]
  • The last underground shift was worked at the colliery in Radcliffe, Northumberland.[11]
  • Died: Alexander Lion, 91, co-founder of the German scout movement

February 3, 1962 (Saturday)
  • The United States embargo against Cuba was announced by President Kennedy, prohibiting "the importation into the United States of all goods of Cuban origin and all goods imported from or through Cuba".[12] Presidential Proclamation 3447 was made pursuant to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, "effective 12:01 A.M., Eastern Standard Time, February 7, 1962".[13]
  • At 7:05 am Indian Standard Time (0135 UTC), a "doomsday period" (as predicted by Hindu astrologers) began. It was reported that the astrologers had predicted that on Saturday, Sunday and Monday, the earth would be "bathed in the blood of thousands of kings" because of the alignment of six planets, the Earth, the Sun and the Moon.[14] In Britain, Aetherias Society director Keith Robertson spent the next day awaiting disaster, along with many of the society's members. He had forecast that "very soon the world will do a 'big flip' when the poles will change places with the equator... 75 percent of the world's population will be killed", but the alignment and eclipse ended without any notable disaster.[15]
  • U.S. wrestlers Luther Lindsay & Ricky Waldo defeated Toyonobori & Rikidōzan in Tokyo to win the All Asia Tag Team Championship.[16]

February 4, 1962 (Sunday)
February 4, 1962: St. Jude Hospital established
  • The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital opened in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. American comedian Danny Thomas, the hospital's founder, told a crowd of 9,000 that "If I were to die this minute, I would know why I was born... Anyone may dream, but few have realized a dream as gargantuan as this one." Thomas said that he had made a vow in 1937, when he was unemployed and penniless, that he would build a shrine to Saint Jude Thaddaeus (patron saint of the lost and helpless) "if I made good". After becoming successful, he began raising funds in 1951. Fifty years later, the hospital was treating 7,800 children per year at no cost, and funding cancer research worldwide.[17][18]
  • Gnostic Philosopher Samael Aun Weor declared February 4, 1962, to be the beginning of the "Age of Aquarius", heralded by the alignment of the first six planets, the Sun, the Moon, and the constellation Aquarius.[19]
  • The Sunday Times became the first paper in the United Kingdom to print a colour supplement. At the time that the Colour Section was introduced, such supplements "were already commonplace in North America".[20]
  • Born: Clint Black, American country music singer, in Long Branch, New Jersey[21]
  • Died: Jacob Kramer, 69, UK-based Ukrainian painter[22]

February 5, 1962 (Monday)
  • During a solar eclipse, an extremely rare grand conjunction of the classical planets occurred, for the first time since 1821. It included all 5 of the naked-eye planets plus the Sun and Moon), all of them within 16° of one another on the ecliptic. Saturn, Jupiter, Mars and Venus were on one side of the Sun, while Mercury and Earth were on the opposite side. When the Moon crossed between the Earth and the Sun, the eclipse was visible over India, where predictions of the world's end had been made.
  • According to famous psychic Jeane Dixon, a child was born "somewhere in the Middle East", who would "revolutionize the world and eventually unite all warring creeds and sects into one all-embracing faiths", and who would bring peace on Earth by 1999. The prediction, which did not come true as scheduled, was published in A Gift of Prophecy, the 1965 biography of Dixon by Ruth Montgomery.[23]
  • French President Charles de Gaulle informed the nation that he was negotiating with the FLN for the independence of Algeria, conditional on a guarantee of the rights of "the minority of European origin in Algerian activities", and "an effective association" between Algeria and France.[24]
Ringo Starr

February 6, 1962 (Tuesday)
  • The Warner Brothers studio outbid MGM for the movie rights to produce the Broadway hit musical, My Fair Lady, for the unprecedented price of USD$5,500,000. The deal included an agreement to pay the play's owners 47.5% of any gross revenues over $20,000,000 and a 5% of the distributors' gross to the estate of George Bernard Shaw, upon whose play Pygmalion, the Lerner & Loewe musical had been based. The bid was more than twice the old record, $2,270,000 paid by 20th Century Fox in 1958 for the rights to South Pacific.[28]
  • Spain selected its entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 1962; the winner was Víctor Balaguer with the song "Llámame", selected by representatives of regional radio stations.
  • The city of Memphis, Tennessee, ordered the desegregation of its lunch counters, formerly limited to white customers only.[29]
  • Negotiations between U.S. Steel and the United States Department of Commerce began.
  • Born: Axl Rose, American rock musician, as William Bruce Rose, Jr., in Lafayette, Indiana[30]
  • Died: Candido Portinari, 58, Brazilian painter, of lead poisoning from paint[31]

February 7, 1962 (Wednesday)

February 8, 1962 (Thursday)
  • A demonstration against the Organisation armée secrète, called for by the PCF (Communist Party), was repressed at the Charonne metro station. Nine members of the Confédération Générale du Travail trade union were crushed to death after police chased a crowd down into the gates that closed off the subway station, in an event later called the "Charonne massacre".[37][38]
  • The United States and the United Kingdom announced an agreement between the two nations to allow the U.S. to test nuclear weapons at Christmas Island, a British possession in the Pacific Ocean.[39]
  • The British government announced that it would grant independence to Jamaica effective August 6, 1962.[40]
  • Born: Malorie Blackman, English author of Barbadian parentage, in Clapham, London[41]

February 9, 1962 (Friday)

February 10, 1962 (Saturday)
Powers
Abel

February 11, 1962 (Sunday)

February 12, 1962 (Monday)

February 13, 1962 (Tuesday)
  • A crowd of between 150,000 and 500,000 people marched in Paris in the first massive protest against the continuing Algerian war, which had gone into its eighth year. The occasion was the funeral ceremony for five of the nine people who had been killed by police in the Charonne metro station the previous Thursday. With many of the participants walking off of their jobs to protest, business in Paris and much of France was brought to a halt.[51]
  • Born: May Sweet, Myanmar singer and actress, in Rangoon, Burma (now Yangon, Myanmar)
  • Died: Hugh Dalton, 74, Welsh politician and former British Chancellor of the Exchequer

February 14, 1962 (Wednesday)
  • Unfavorable weather conditions caused the Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) crewed orbital mission to be postponed.[4]
  • A Tour of the White House with Mrs. John F. Kennedy, produced by CBS News and hosted by American First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy and CBS reporter Charles Collingwood, was broadcast on television by CBS and on NBC at 10:00 pm Eastern time. Attracting 46,000,000 TV viewers, or three out of every four households in America, it was the highest rated television program up to that time. ABC television, which did not wish to share the $100,000 production cost for the commercial-free special, showed Naked City instead, and ran the program the following Sunday.[52][53][54]

February 15, 1962 (Thursday)

February 16, 1962 (Friday)
  • Voting in India's national parliamentary election commenced, with 210 million voters going to the polls. There were 14,744 candidates for the 494 seats in the Lok Sabha and the 2,930 seats in the legislatures of 13 Indian states.[59] The final result was that 119,904,284 eligible voters participated, and the Indian National Congress, led by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, won 361 (or about 73%) of the seats. The Communist Party of India was a distant second with 29 seats (6%).[60]
  • Rioters in British Guiana (now Guyana) set fire to much of the capital city of Georgetown, as Guianans of African descent attacked those of Indian descent. British troops were sent in to restore order.[61][62]
  • U.S. President Kennedy issued nine Executive Orders, numbered 10095 to 11105, delegating "emergency preparedness functions" for various federal agencies and departments, to be implemented in the event of a national emergency that required a declaration of martial law.[63][64]
  • Walter C. Williams, Project Mercury Operations Director, announced that because of weather conditions February 20, 1962, would be the earliest date that the Mercury-Atlas 6 mission could be launched.[4]
  • Died: Frank Prewett, 68, Canadian poet

February 17, 1962 (Saturday)
281 dead in Hamburg

February 18, 1962 (Sunday)

February 19, 1962 (Monday)

February 20, 1962 (Tuesday)
  • Five days after making both rape and attacks on police subject to capital punishment, the Soviet Union restored the death penalty for persons convicted of accepting bribes. Females were exempt from the death penalty under any circumstances, as were men who had reached the age of 60 by the time of their sentencing.[55]
February 20, 1962: Launch of Friendship 7
  • The United States placed an astronaut into orbit for the first time, as John Glenn was sent aloft from Cape Canaveral aboard Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6), the third Project Mercury mission, in the space capsule Friendship 7. Glenn was launched at 9:47 a.m. local time and attained orbit 12 minutes later. The Mercury spacecraft covered its three-orbit flight in 4 hours, 55 minutes, and 23 seconds. Some 60 million persons viewed astronaut Glenn's launch on live television. During the flight two major problems were encountered: (1) a yaw attitude control jet apparently clogged, forcing the astronaut to abandon the automatic control system for the manual-electrical fly-by-wire system and the manual-mechanical system; and (2) a faulty switch in the heat shield circuit indicated that the clamp holding the shield had been prematurely released - a signal later found to be false. During reentry, however, the retropack was not jettisoned but retained as a safety measure to hold the heat shield in place in the event it had loosened. After three circuits of the Earth, Glenn's spacecraft left orbit at 2:20 p.m., landed in the Atlantic Ocean at 2:43 about 800 miles (1,300 km) southeast of Bermuda, and was recovered by the destroyer USS Noa (DD-841) at 3:04, after being in the water for 21 minutes. With the success of Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) the basic objectives of Project Mercury had been reached - a human put into Earth orbit, his reactions to space environment observed, and his safe return to Earth to a point where he could be readily found. Prior to the flight, there was concern about the psychological effects of prolonged weightlessness. To the contrary, there were no debilitating or harmful effects; the astronaut found the zero g conditions very handy in performing his tasks and felt exhilarated during his 4.5 hours of weightlessness. One of the interesting sidelights of the Glenn flight was his report of "fire flies" when he entered the sunrise portion of an orbit. For some time this phenomenon remained a space mystery, until Scott Carpenter accidently tapped the spacecraft wall with his hand, releasing many of the so-called "fire flies." The source was determined to be frost from the reaction control jets.[4][76] Glenn would return to outer space on October 29, 1998, at the age of 77, becoming the oldest human to orbit the Earth.[77]
  • Died: Martin Lewis, 80, Australian-American artist

February 21, 1962 (Wednesday)
  • Former Soviet Foreign Minister Dmitri Shepilov was expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, in retaliation for his role in a 1957 attempt to oust Nikita Khrushchev from power.[78]
  • On the day after John Glenn's historic flight, Soviet Premier Khrushchev sent a telegram to U.S. President Kennedy, proposing that the two nations co-operate on their space program. The first joint venture would take place in 1975.[79][80]
  • A metal fragment, identified by numbers stamped on it as a part of the Atlas that boosted Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) into orbit, landed on a farm in South Africa after about 8 hours in orbit.[4]
  • Margot Fonteyn and Rudolf Nureyev first danced together, in a Royal Ballet performance of Giselle at Covent Garden in London, creating one of the greatest partnerships in the history of dance. Nureyev had defected from the U.S.S.R. almost eight months earlier on June 16, 1961. He and Fonteyn received 23 curtain calls from the audience.[81]
  • The first Samos-F satellite, also referred to as a "ferret satellite" because of its purpose of monitoring Soviet missiles and seeking out information, was launched from Cape Canaveral.[82]
  • Born:

February 22, 1962 (Thursday)
  • Pope John XXIII signed Veterum sapientia ("Ancient Wisdom") as an apostolic constitution, the highest possible papal decree. The declaration, published the next day, directed that Roman Catholic seminary students should not only be instructed on the use of the Latin language, but that lectures should be given in Latin, "a bond of unity between the Christian peoples of Europe". The Pope also prohibited priests from arguing against the use of Latin, and created an institute to create new words in Contemporary Latin to keep it apace of modern developments.[83] In 1963, the second Vatican council would approve an order retaining Latin for specific rituals, but native languages for most other purposes.[84]
  • Sant'Atanasio in Rome was made a titular church as a seat for Cardinals, by Pope John XXIII.[85]
  • The collision of a freight train and a passenger train near Cali, Colombia, killed 40 passengers and injured 67 others.[86]
  • Born: Steve Irwin, Australian naturalist and broadcaster, in Essendon (died 2006)[87]

February 23, 1962 (Friday)
February 23, 1962: John Glenn receives the NASA Distinguished Service Medal from President Kennedy
  • Astronaut John Glenn arrived in Cape Canaveral to a hero's welcome and was reunited with his family for the first time since before going into space. U.S. President John F. Kennedy, for whom Cape Canaveral would be renamed temporarily during the 1960s and early 1970s, greeted Glenn and personally awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal to Glenn and Robert R. Gilruth.[4][88] Kennedy praised Glenn for "professional skill, unflinching courage and extraordinary ability to perform a most difficult task under physical stress."[88] It was then that Glenn revealed in an interview that the heat shield on his capsule began to break up upon re-entry, the loss of which would have been fatal. Glenn calmly said, "it could have been a bad day for everybody".[89]
  • Born: Lise Haavik, Norwegian singer, in Narvik
  • Died: James Halliday McDunnough, 84, Canadian entomologist who identified almost 1,500 different species of butterflies in North America

February 24, 1962 (Saturday)

February 25, 1962 (Sunday)
  • Factory roll-out inspection of Atlas launch vehicle 107-D, designated for the Mercury-Atlas 7 (MA-7) crewed orbital mission, was conducted at Convair.[4]
  • The Judy Garland Show, a one-time special, appeared on CBS and received a 49.5 rating, the highest rating CBS had had for a variety show to that time. The success of the special led to a weekly series in 1963, which CBS cancelled after a year because of low ratings.[94]
  • Born: Birgit Fischer, German kayaker; Olympic gold medalist in 1980 and 1988, and world champion 1978-79, 1981–83, 1985 and 1987 for East Germany; Olympic gold medalist 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004 and world champion 1993-95, 1997-98 for united Germany; in Brandenburg an der Havel, East Germany[95]

February 26, 1962 (Monday)
  • The Irish Republican Army officially called off its five-year Border Campaign in Northern Ireland. In press releases dropped off at newspapers there as well as in Ireland, the IRA publicity bureau wrote, "The Leadership of the Resistance Movement has ordered the termination of 'The Campaign of Resistance to British Occupation'... all arms and other materials have been dumped and all full-time active service volunteers have been withdrawn." With the exception of a series of 17 bank robberies to finance the organization, the IRA violence halted until 1969.[96][97]
February 26, 1962: John Glenn receives key to the city in Washington, D.C., as six-year-old Maria Shriver looks on

February 27, 1962 (Tuesday)
  • Sublieutenant Nguyễn Văn Cử and Lt. Phạm Phú Quốc, two South Vietnamese members of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force, diverted from their combat mission south of Saigon and dropped bombs upon the presidential palace in an attempt to assassinate South Vietnamese President Ngô Đình Diệm. One of the 500-pound (230 kg) bombs landed in the room where the President and his advisers were but failed to detonate because it had been dropped from too low an altitude to arm itself. Quốc was arrested after being forced to land, while Cử fled to neighboring Cambodia. Both men would be reinstated to the Air Force after Diem's assassination in 1963.[99][100]
  • An explosion at the Tito Coal Mine in Banovici, in the Bosnia republic of Yugoslavia, trapped 177 miners underground. Rescuers were able to save 123 of the men, but 54 were trapped inside and died.[101]
  • The United Kingdom's House of Commons voted 277-170 in favor of the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962, designed to limit the immigration into Great Britain by residents of India, Pakistan, and the West Indies.[102]
  • After getting word that U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy was preparing to fire him from his job as Director of the FBI, J. Edgar Hoover gave the Attorney General a memorandum of an FBI investigation of Judith Exner, noting that she had made phone calls to the private line of Robert's brother, U.S. President John F. Kennedy. Hoover remained FBI Director until his death in 1972.[103]
  • Born: Adam Baldwin, American actor, in Chicago
  • Died: Willie Best, 45, American actor

February 28, 1962 (Wednesday)

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