2022–23 European windstorm season
The 2022–23 European windstorm season is the eighth season of the European windstorm naming in Europe. The new season's storm names were announced on 1 September 2022. Storms that occur up until 31 August 2023 will be included in this season. This was the fourth season where the Netherlands participated, alongside the United Kingdom's Met Office and Ireland's Met Éireann in the western group. The Portuguese, Spanish, French and Belgian meteorological agencies collaborated for the sixth time, joined by Luxembourg's agency (South-western Group). This is the second season where Greece, Israel and Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean group), and Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta (Central Mediterranean Group) named storms which affected their areas.
![]() Storm Efrain, the most intense storm of the season. | |
| First storm formed | 15 September 2022 |
|---|---|
| Last storm dissipated | Season ongoing |
| Strongest storm1 | Efrain 955 hPa (28.20 inHg)[1] |
| Strongest wind gust | Cláudio 185 km/h (115 mph; 100 kn)[2] |
| Total storms | 26 |
| Total damage | €2 Million (£1.7 Million) |
| Total fatalities | 32 |
| 1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure and maximum recorded non-mountainous wind gust is also included for reference. ← 2021-22 2023-24 → | |
Background and naming
In 2015, the Met Office and Met Éireann announced a project to name storms as part of the "Name our Storms" project for windstorms and asked the public for suggestions. The meteorological offices produced a full list of names for 2015–2016 through 2017–2018, common to both the United Kingdom and Ireland, with the Netherlands taking part from 2019 onwards. Names in the United Kingdom will be based on the National Severe Weather Warning Service.
There are two main naming lists: one created by the national meteorological agencies of the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Netherlands, and another created by the equivalent agencies from France, Spain, Portugal, and Belgium. Additionally, former Atlantic hurricanes will retain their names as assigned by the National Hurricane Center of the United States.[3]
Western Group (United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands)
The following names were chosen for the 2022–23 season in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Netherlands.[4] For a windstorm to be named, the United Kingdom's Met Office, Ireland's Met Eireann, and the Netherlands KNMI have to issue an amber weather warning, preferably for wind, but a storm can also be named for amber warnings of rain and snow (e.g Storm Arwen in 2021). [5]
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South-western Group (France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg)
This was the sixth year in which the meteorological agencies of France, Spain and Portugal named storms that affected their areas. [6]
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Eastern Mediterranean Group (Greece, Israel and Cyprus)
The following names were chosen for the 2022–23 season in Greece, Israel and Cyprus.[7]
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Central Mediterranean Group (Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania and Malta)
The following names were chosen for the 2022–23 season in Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania and Malta.[8]
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Northern Group (Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden)
This naming group, like the naming from the University of Berlin, does not use a naming list but names storms when it has not received a name by any other meteorological service in Europe and is projected to affect Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Finland or Sweden.
Central & Southern Group (Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Austria)
The University of Berlin names storms based on low pressures across the continent and does not use a naming list.
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Ex-Atlantic Hurricanes
Two former Atlantic systems (both of them being a hurricane) transitioned into an European windstorm and retained its name as assigned by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida:
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Season summary

All storms named by European meteorological organisations in their respective forecasting areas, as well as Atlantic hurricanes that transitioned into European windstorms and retained the name assigned by the National Hurricane Center:

Storms
Ex-Hurricane Danielle
| Ex-Hurricane Danielle | |
|---|---|
![]() Ex-Danielle off the coast of Portugal on 13 September | |
![]() Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir-Simpson scale | |
| Area affected | Portugal, Western Spain |
| Date of impact | 8–15 September 2022 |
| Maximum wind gust | 115 km/h (71 mph; 62 kn) |
| Lowest pressure | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Power outages | Unspecified |
| Damage | Moderate |
The remnants of Hurricane Danielle became an extratropical cyclone that affected Portugal and parts of western Spain. It had formerly been a category 1 hurricane that transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone on 8 September, north of the Azores. It dissipated off the coast of Portugal on 15 September.[9]
Large waves and heavy rainfall hit the Azores.[10] Ex-Danielle brought heavy rain to mainland Portugal while meandering near its coast. Between 12–13 September, 644 accidents were reported throughout the country. While many downed trees and flash floods were reported, no fatalities resulted from the downpours.[11][12][13] In Manteigas, under a "state of calamity" at the time, following intense summer forest fires in nearby areas of the Serra da Estrela mountain range, floods and landslides caused major damage. Four vehicles were dragged into the Zêzere River. Heavy rain extended to as far north as Braga. Covilhã saw 67.2 millimetres (2.65 in) of rain while Viseu saw 62 millimetres (2.4 in) of rain. Minor wind and flooding damage was reported in both Lisbon and Setúbal.[14] Much of Spain was put on yellow alert as wind, rain and thunderstorms triggered by the cyclone moved inland.[15]
Storm Ana (Reili)
| Storm Ana | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Ana on 18 September 2022 | |
![]() Track of Storm Ana according to the University of Berlin | |
| Area affected | France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Hungary, Slovakia, Western Ukraine, Poland[16][17] |
| Date of impact | 15–21 September 2022 |
| Maximum wind gust | 175 km/h (109 mph) |
| Fatalities | 12 dead, 50 injured, 1 missing (all in Italy) |
| Damage | Flooding in the Marche region of Italy. Heavy rain in the Balkans. |
Storm Ana was named on 15 September by the Italian Meteorological Service,[16] with the same storm receiving the name Reili from the Free University of Berlin.[16] The storm caused devastating floods in the Italian region of Marche between 15 and 16 September, mainly affecting the city of Ancona, where 12 people were killed and in other areas, 50 people were injured.[18][19][20] One person is still missing.[21] Afterwards, the system weakened and dissipated on 21 September.[22]
Storm Bogdan (Ute)
| Storm Bogdan | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Bogdan on 25 September over Italy | |
![]() Track of Storm Bodgan according the University of Berlin | |
| Area affected | Tunisia, Italy, Greece, Balkans |
| Date of impact | 24–29 September 2022 |
| Maximum wind gust | 165 km/h (103 mph; 89 kn) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Bogdan was named by the Italian Meteorological Service on 24 September.[23] Weather warnings were also put in place in Greece.[24] The system dissipated on 29 September.[25]
Storm Clio
| Storm Clio | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Clio on 25 September 2022 | |
![]() Track of Storm Clio using data from the ESWD | |
| Area affected | Montenegro, Italy |
| Date of impact | 25–26 September 2022 |
| Maximum wind gust | 155 km/h (96 mph) |
| Fatalities | None |
| Damage | Unspecified |
On 25 September, Storm Clio was named by the Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of Montenegro.[8] The storm brought light rain and a moderate breeze to the country, however, the European Severe Storms Laboratory did not document any severe weather reports in Montenegro from Storm Clio.[2]
Storm Dino
| Storm Dino | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Dino on 1 October 2022 | |
![]() Track of Storm Dino according to the FUB | |
| Area affected | Italy, Greece, Balkans, Eastern Europe |
| Date of impact | 30 September - 6 October 2022 |
| Maximum wind gust | 120 km/h (75 mph; 65 kn) |
| Fatalities | None |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Dino was named by the Italian Meteorological Service on 30 September 2022, a gust of 84 miles per hour (135 km/h) was recorded.[26] It later went on to affect Greece and brought winds of up to 85 kilometres per hour (53 mph). The storm dissipated on 6 October 2022.[27]
Storm Bettina
| Storm Bettina | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Bettina on 10 October 2022 | |
![]() Track of Storm Bettina according to the FUB | |
| Area affected | Iceland & Svalbard |
| Date of impact | 7–13 October 2022 |
| Maximum wind gust | 49 m/s (175 km/h; 110 mph; 95 kn)[2] |
| Lowest pressure | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg)[28] |
| Fatalities | None |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Bettina was named by the Deutscher Wetterdienst, the German meteorological agency on 7 October 2022.[29] As Storm Bettina impacted Iceland on 9–10 October, the European Severe Storms Laboratory reported 181 storm reports, with 156 of those being severe wind reports of at least 25 metres per second (56 mph) and 25 heavy snowfall reports.[2][30] Due to the storm, about 500 of RARIK's customers lost power.[31] Dozens of reports of power transmissions being damaged or destroyed occurred on 9 October all around Iceland along with multiple reports of roads becoming impassable.[2][30][32]
Storm Elke
| Storm Elke | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Elke at peak intensity on 15 October 2022 | |
![]() Track of Storm Elke according to the FUB | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Russia |
| Date of impact | 14–21 October 2022 |
| Maximum wind gust | 145 km/h (90 mph; 78 kn) |
| Lowest pressure | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) [33] |
| Fatalities | None |
| Damage | Derecho in Scandinavia and tornadoes in Norway |
Storm Elke was named by the Deutscher Wetterdienst, the German meteorological agency on 14 October 2022.[34] The Storm impacted Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Estonia and Russia on 16–17 October, uprooting trees, damaging houses, and causing power outages.[35][36] On 16 October two IF1 tornadoes caused damage in Norway.[37] The event was later classified as a derecho imbedded in Low Pressure System Elke instead of a European Windstorm by the European Severe Storms Laboratory.[38] The storm entered the Arctic and dissipated on 21 October.[39]
Storm Armand (Georgina)
| Storm Armand | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Armand on 20 October 2022 | |
![]() Track of Storm Armand according to the FUB | |
| Area affected | Portugal, France, British Isles, Spain, Ireland |
| Date of impact | 19–23 October 2022 |
| Maximum wind gust | 133 km/h (83 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg)[40] |
| Fatalities | None |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Armand was named by the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA) on 19 October.[41] This system was named Georgina by the FUB.[42] Expected to bring strong winds to the Iberian Peninsula, Armand also caused flooding and fallen trees.[41] On 21 October, the storm approached France and the British Isles, causing strong gales and heavy rain.[42][43] By 22 October, the storm had reached the tip of Scotland after significantly weakening. The storm then entered the North Sea and then looped back around again to Ireland when it dissipated on 23 October 2022.
The strongest high-level wind gusts from Armand were recorded on Mount Aigoual, France, reaching 133 km/h (83 mph). Meanwhile, the strongest low-level wind gust from Armand was 100 km/h (62 mph) recorded at Brignogan, France.[44]
Storm Béatrice (Helgard II)
| Storm Beatrice | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Beatrice on 22 October 2022 | |
![]() Track of Storm Beatrice according to the FUB | |
| Area affected | Iceland, Iberia, France, Ireland and Britain |
| Date of impact | 22-27 October 2022 |
| Maximum wind gust | 125 km/h (78 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) |
| Fatalities | None |
| Damage | Unspecified |
A cold wave impulsed an extratropical cyclone in Europe and the storm interacted of anticyclone in the south in central Atlantic, the storm moved up towards Spain and Portugal, when on 22 October it received the name Beatrice.[45] The system was named Helgard II by the FUB, and Helgard I went on into eastern Europe, as Helgard II did not affect eastern Europe. The storm then went on to bring heavy wind and rain to the Iberian Peninsula.[46][47] The outer bands of this storm were also related to the supercells in northern France and southern England which produced at least 5 tornadoes, including the intense Bihucourt tornado.[48]
A band of intense thunderstorms on the northern leading edge of Beatrice crossed southern and eastern England during the afternoon and evening of 23 October, where a yellow weather warning for thunderstorms was issued.[49] Heavy rainfall and strong winds were reported widely, resulting in some flooding and structural damage,[50][51] and flights were disrupted at Heathrow Airport for several hours.[52]
A small girl was injured by a disjointed gate in a severe wind gust,[48] On 27 October, the storm tracked north towards Iceland and dissipated.[53]
Storm Cláudio (Karsta)
| Storm Cláudio | |
|---|---|
![]() Claudio on 31 October 2022 impacting western Europe and the Iberian peninsula | |
![]() Track of Storm Claudio according to the FUB | |
| Area affected | France, Spain, Ireland and Great Britain |
| Date of impact | 30 October 2022 - 2 November 2022 |
| Maximum wind gust | 185 km/h (115 mph) |
| Fatalities | 1 (indirect) |
Storm Cláudio was named on 31 October 2022.[54] An orange alert for strong winds was put in place for four departments in northwest France.[55] The Met Office issued a yellow weather warning for wind for most of the south coast of England, stretching from Weymouth to Kent.[56] The Met Office had forecast gusts of 50-60 mph (80–96 km/h) with isolated gusts of >70 mph (>112 km/h) on exposed coasts. The highest gust of 115 miles per hour (185 km/h)[57] was recorded at The Needles on the Isle of Wight, with a 1-minute sustained wind recorded as high as 105 mph (170 km/h) .[57] A trampoline that was caught underneath a train meant that no trains could run from Worthing to Hove for more than three hours.[58] High winds caused part of the southwest corner of the West Pier in Brighton to collapse into the sea.[59] Two giant silver baubles were blown down by the storm and rolled down Tottenham Court Road in London. However, no damage or injuries was reported.[60]
Storm Cláudio hit the UK as a deepening low pressure system, the lowest onshore pressure of 994 hPa (29.35 inHg)[61] was recorded in Plymouth at 22:00 on 31 October. The centre of the shortwave made landfall in Southern Wales, near Cardiff, at around midnight - with the storm further north than had initially been forecasted by both the Met Office and Météo-France. In the wake of Storm Cláudio heavy convective showers produced flash flooding and lightning across the Southwest of England on 1–2 November. At 13:23 on 1 November, a thunderstorm brought winds as strong as 84 mph (135 km/h) to exposed parts of Cornwall.[62] In Devon, fire crews were called to a pre-school in Willand, Devon after a suspected lightning strike lead to a small fire at 14:40.[63] Between the evening of the 31 October to the evening of the 2 November, more than 11,000 lightning strikes had been registered across the British Isles, with the majority of activity centred over the Channel Coasts.[64]
| Location | Wind gust | Elevation above mean sea level | Time (local) |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Needles Old Battery, Totland, Isle of Wight | 115 mph (185 km/h)[57] | 80 m (262 ft) [65] | 0:00 - 1 November 2022[57] |
| Prawle Point, East Prawle, Devonshire | 93 mph (150 km/h)[66] | 61 m (200 ft)[67] | 22:00 - 31 October 2022[66] |
| Gwennap Head, Porthgwarra, Cornwall | 93 mph (150 km/h)[62] | 66 m (216 ft)[68] | 20:00 - 31 October 2022[62] |
| Isle of Portland, Weymouth, Dorset | 86 mph (138 km/h)[69] | 52 m (170 ft)[69] | 0:00 - 1 November 2022[69] |
| St. Catherine's Point, Puckaster, Isle of Wight | 84 mph (135 km/h)[70] | 20 m (65 ft)[70] | 1:00 - 1 November 2022[70] |
| Rame Head, Plymouth, Devonshire | 81 mph (130 km/h)[71] | 105 m (345 ft)[72] | 22:00 - 31 October 2022[71] |
Storm Marion
| Storm Marion | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Marion approaching the British Isles on 2 November | |
![]() Track of Storm Marion according to the FUB | |
| Area affected | British Isles, Norway, Iceland |
| Date of impact | 1 – 8 November |
| Lowest pressure | 975[73] |
| Fatalities | None |
| Power outages | Unspecified |
| Damage | Unspecified |
A storm named Marion by the University of Berlin affected the British Isles on Wednesday 2 November and Thursday 3 November. The Met Office issued yellow weather warnings for wind and rain for 2 and 3 November, affecting large parts of Wales, northern England, Scotland and all of Northern Ireland.[74]
Ex-Hurricane Martin
| Ex-Hurricane Martin | |
|---|---|
![]() Ex-Martin near peak intensity while southeast of Greenland on 4 November | |
![]() Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir-Simpson scale | |
| Area affected | Greenland & Ireland |
| Date of impact | 3 – 7 November |
| Maximum wind gust | 130 km/h (95 mph) (1- min) |
| Lowest pressure | 947 hPa (27.96 inHg)[75] |
| Fatalities | None |
| Power outages | None |
| Damage | None |
Hurricane Martin transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone on 3 November, over the open North Atlantic.[76] The Met Eireann issued advisories for the whole of Ireland in preparation for Martin.[77] A few days later, it approached Ireland before dissipating.
Storm Eva (Ottilie)
| Storm Eva (Ottilie) | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Eva over the Alps on 4 November 2022 | |
![]() Track of Storm Eva according to the FUB | |
| Area affected | Italy, Libya, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Turkey and Greece |
| Date of impact | 4–10 November |
| Maximum wind gust | 110 km/h (75 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg) |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Power outages | Unspecified |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Eva was named on 4 November 2022.[78] Amber warnings were put in place for southern Italy, and red warnings were put in place for Greece.[79]
Storm Philomena
| Storm Philomena | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Philomena near peak intensity while north of Scotland on 9 November | |
![]() Track of Storm Philomena according to the FUB | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom |
| Date of impact | 7–10 November |
| Maximum wind gust | 110 km/h (70 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 970[80] |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Philomena was named on 7 November 2022.[81] The storm caused wind gusts of over 70 mph (110 km/h) in Cornwall,[82] and on 7:45 CH 10 November, the storm entered a dissipation stage for the Storm Quisina.[83]
Storm Regina
| Storm Regina | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Regina passing south of Ireland on 16 November | |
![]() Track of Storm Regina according to the FUB | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom |
| Date of impact | 14 – 21 November 2022 |
| Lowest pressure | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg)[84] |
| Fatalities | None |
| Power outages | None |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Regina was named by the FUB on 14 November 2022.[85] The storm passed through the United Kingdom on 17–18 November.[84][86] The storm caused heavy rainfall in both Scotland and England.[87][88]
Storm Fobos
| Storm Fobos | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Fobos near Italy on 19 November | |
![]() Track of Storm Fobos according to the University of Berlin | |
| Area affected | Italy, Montenegro |
| Date of impact | 19 – 24 November 2022 |
| Lowest pressure | 1,005 hPa (29.68 inHg)[89] |
| Fatalities | None |
| Power outages | None |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Fobos was named by the Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of Montenegro on 19 November 2022.[8][89] The storm dissipated on 24 November.[90]
Storm Denise
| Storm Denise | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Denise approaching Italy on 22 November | |
![]() Track of Storm Denise according to the University of Berlin | |
| Area affected | Spain, Corsica, Italy, Balkans, Ukraine, Russia |
| Date of impact | 21 – 27 November 2022 |
| Maximum wind gust | 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) [91] |
| Lowest pressure | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg)[92] |
| Fatalities | 14 (all in Italy) |
| Damage | €2 Million (£1.7 Million) |
Storm Denise was named by the AEMET on 21 November 2022.[93] The storm caused wind gusts of more than 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) winds in Mallorca.[93] In Venice, several schools were closed and water levels rose 170 centimetres (5.6 ft), the third most highest recording since modern records began.[94] In Trieste, winds of more than 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) were reported by Vigili del Fuoco.[94] Stormy weather and roughs seas also affected areas in Sicily where ferry services were disrupted from the port at Milazzo. Heavy rain caused some flooding in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia on 22 November. Several people were evacuated in the small town of Bosa. Crashing waves, high tides and storm surge flooded shores along Italy's coastline. Coastal flooding was reported in the provinces of Rome and Latina in the Lazio Region. New Agency ANSA reported a tidal barrier was severely damaged in Ostia. Firefighters rescued families trapped in 1 metre deep floods in coastal areas near Anzio. On the Adriatic Coast, storm surge and high seas flooded coastal areas of Emilia-Romagna Region in the provinces of Forlì-Cesana, Ferrara, Rimini and Ravenna. Flooding was also reported in coastal areas of the Marche Region, including Marina di Montemarciano and Senigallia.[94]
On 22 November, the storm made landfall in Italy.[92] On 23 November, the storm made another landfall in the Balkans.[95] On 25 November, the storm entered the Black Sea[96] and the day after, the storm passed close to Ukraine and Russia.[97] Denise dissipated on 27 November.[98]
On 24 November, an Argentine tourist drowned after being swept into the sea in Furore, while a man was struck and killed by lightning on a beach in Vico Equense.[99] The storm also partially triggered a landslide on the Italian Island of Ischia, killing 12 people.[100][101]
The government has approved a state of emergency, allocating an initial sum of €2m (£1.7m) to help rebuild homes.[102]
Storm Ariel (Yuki)
| Storm Ariel | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Ariel on 29 November 2022 | |
![]() Track of Storm Ariel according to the University of Berlin | |
| Area affected | Italy, Greece, Macedonia and Malta |
| Date of impact | 29 November - 2 December 2022 |
| Lowest pressure | 1,005 hPa (29.68 inHg)[103] |
| Fatalities | None |
| Power outages | Several homes |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Ariel was named by the Hellenic National Meteorological Service on 29 November 2022.[104] The same system was named as Yuki by Deutscher Wetterdienst.[103] Ariel caused power outages in many cities and islands. Several schools were closed in Skopelos.[105] Ariel dissipated on 2 December 2022.[106]
Storm Efraín
| Storm Efrain | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Efrain on 10 December | |
![]() Track of Storm Efrain according to the University of Berlin | |
| Area affected | Portugal |
| Date of impact | 10 December 2022 – 17 December 2022 |
| Lowest pressure | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg)[107] |
| Fatalities | 3 (Indirect)[108][109] |
| Power outages | None |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Efraín was named on 10 December 2022.[107] Crossing the cold waters heading towards the Azores and the Iberian Peninsula, a powerful anticyclone blocking its path to higher latitudes, the storm quickly intensified thanks to the presence of an atmospheric river of subtropical origin associated with its southern flank. The storm hit the Iberian Peninsula and France from 13 to 16 December before dissipating.[110]
Efraín brought strong winds, heavy rains and rough seas to the Azores.[110] Flooding due to heavy rains affected the provinces of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha in Spain.[111] Strong gusts and rain caused landslides on the famous Caminito del Rey in Andalusia.[112] Several stations in Madrid have been forced to close due to flooding. An environmental officer drowned during a flood in Villarino de los Aires (Salamanca).[113]
In Portugal, Efraín caused flooding in the Tagus River basin.[114][115] According to the Portuguese Civil Protection Agency, a government body, some 5,000 rescue workers were on duty across the country and authorities estimated the damage at millions of euros.[108][116]
In France, the freezing rain and snow associated with the warm front of the system disrupted transport.[117] Two accidents in Saône-et-Loire caused the death of a motorist on the A39 motorway and two truck drivers on a secondary road.[108][109] The Minister of Transport, Clément Beaune, announced the cancellation of part of the flights from Orly and Roissy-Charles-de-Gaulle airports. In Lyon, all the buses remained stationary for part of a morning to avoid accidents.[108]
Storm Gaia (Birgit)
| Storm Gaia | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Gaia on 10 December | |
![]() Track of Storm Gaia according to the University of Berlin | |
| Area affected | Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland |
| Date of impact | 10 December 2022 - 17 December 2022 |
| Lowest pressure | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg)[118] |
| Fatalities | None |
Storm Gaia was named on 10 December 2022.[107] In preparation, Greece issued warnings as trees fell and flooding caused by heavy rain occurred.[119]
Storm Fien
| Storm Fien | |
|---|---|
| Area affected | Spain, France, Italy & Central Europe. |
| Date of impact | 14 - 20 January 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | 150 km/h (93 mph) (Pyrenees)[120] |
| Lowest pressure | Unspecified |
| Fatalities | 1[121] |
On 14 January 2023, the Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMet) assigned the name Fien to the depression then located on Newfoundland. It was moving towards the south of the British Isles.[122][123] It reached the Bay of Biscay on 17 January.[124] Then crossing into the Mediterranean, it passed over northern Italy on the 18th and turned northward to end up in the Baltic countries the following day.[125] At 0:00 UTC on 20 January, Fien reached northwestern Russia.[126]
Consequently, Orange marine weather warnings for high winds were issued by AEMET for 15 January for north-western Galicia province, with yellow marine wind warnings stretching all the way to the border with France in Basque.[127]
In France, the southwest was affected during the night of 16 to 17 January. Winds of up to 150 km/h (93 mph) were recorded in the Pyrenees, toppling trees and cutting off electricity to 15,000 customers in Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Occitania but without major damage or casualties.[120] According to Météo-France, 30 to 40 mm (1.2 to 1.6 in) of rain fell in the Landes and Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and up to 55 mm (2.2 in) in Tarbes, while above a certain altitude the rain changed to snow.[120] The rain caused flooding in places. Snow in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Haute-Savoie and the Massif Central caused difficulties on the roads and forced the closure of schools.[120] In Corsica, a landslide disrupted trains between Ajaccio and Bastia and ferries were canceled by Corsica Linea.[120]
In Spain, almost the entire country has been put on high alert for high winds, heavy rain and snow, depending on altitude, as well as rough seas. In the north, rivers approached overflow level. An 80-year-old man who disappeared during the storm has been found dead in the port of the Basque town of Bermeo. In Sondika, emergency services rescued a bus full of children stuck on a flooded road.[121] Winds of up to 90 km/h (56 mph) in Barcelona caused damage.[128] After its passage, arctic air gave way to very cold temperatures.
Storm Gérard (Gero)
| Storm Gérard | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Gérard over eastern France on 16 January 2023 | |
![]() Track of storm Gérard according to the University of Berlin | |
| Area affected | United Kingdom, France, Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium and Luxembourg |
| Date of impact | 15 - 17 January 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | 163 kilometres per hour (101 mph; 88 kn; 45 m/s) at Brittany coast[129] |
| Lowest pressure | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg)[130] |
| Fatalities | None |
| Power outages | 75,000 customers[131] |
Storm Gérard was named on 15 January 2023.[132]
The storm brought strong wind gusts, sleet showers, snow showers, and abundant rainfall across the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Western Europe.[133] Gérard caused strong winds and left at least 75,000 customers without electricity.[131]
The strongest winds of up to 163 km/h (101 mph) were recorded on the Normandy coastline at Carteret, and wind gusts of 158 km/h (98 mph) were recorded on the Brittany coast at Pointe du Raz, while a gust of 132 km/h (82 mph) was recorded on top of the Eiffel Tower, Paris on Sunday night.[129][134] The minimum central pressure within Gérard was around 973 hPa (28.7 inHg).[130]
| Location | Wind gust | 1-minute sustained windspeed | Time (local - GMT+1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carteret, Normandy | 163 km/h (101 mph)[134] | 112 km/h (70 mph)[134] | 06h-07h, 16 January 2023[134] |
| Pointe du Raz, Brittany | 158 km/h (98 mph)[135] | 109 km/h (68 mph)[135] | 03h-04h, 16 January 2023[135] |
| Ile de Groix, Brittany | 154 km/h (96 mph)[136] | 102 km/h (63 mph)[136] | 03h-04h, 16 January 2023[136] |
| Belle Ile, Brittany | 150 km/h (93 mph)[137] | 90 km/h (56 mph)[137] | 03h-04h, 16 January 2023[137] |
| Pointe du Roc, Normandy | 144 km/h (89 mph)[138] | 102 km/h (63 mph)[138] | 06h-07h, 16 January 2023[138] |
| Vigie du Homet, Normandy | 141 km/h (88 mph)[139] | 95 km/h (59 mph)[139] | 05h-06h, 16 January 2023[139] |
| Pointe du Chemoulin, Pays de la Loire | 137 km/h (85 mph)[140] | 94 km/h (58 mph)[140] | 03h-04h, 16 January 2023[140] |
| Ushant (Ouessant), Brittany | 137 km/h (85 mph)[141] | 93 km/h (58 mph)[141] | 02h-03h, 16 January 2023[141] |
Cyclone Hannelore (Jan)
| Cyclone Hannelore | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Hannelore on 21 January 2023 | |
![]() Track of Cyclone Hannelore according to the University of Berlin | |
| Area affected | France, Spain, Italy, Croatia, Slovenia, Greece & Turkey |
| Date of impact | 19 January 2023 - 28 January 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | 144 km/h, Camerano[142] |
| Lowest pressure | 1,005 hPa (29.68 inHg) |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Cyclone Hannelore was named on 19 January 2023.[143] The storm was last noted on 28 January.[144] According to the EUMETSAT, Hannelore was a Medicane.[145]Météo-France has put 9 departments on orange alert in the south of the country, including Landes for "floods", and Dordogne, Lot, Tarn-et-Garonne, Aveyron, Tarn, Hérault, Aude and the Pyrénées-Orientales for "snow-ice". A Tramontana wind blew on the Mediterranean coast after its passage, with gusts of up to 106 km/h at Istres and 114 km/h at Cap Béar on 19 January. The winds continued over the following days, reaching peaks of 151 km/h at Cap Béar on 22 January. In the north-east of Spain subject to the same winds, the gusts reached 130 to 135 km / h from Huesca to the Balearic Islands.
Over northern Spain and in France, behind Hannelore, the arrival of a very cold and dry air mass from northern Europe caused minimum temperatures to drop well below freezing. . A yellow vigilance "extreme cold" has even been launched for 72 departments in France and from yellow to orange for a good number of provinces in the north of Spain.
In Italy, heavy snow fell in the north of the country above 300 m altitude, accompanied by strong winds. Winds and snow also affected the Balkans.
Storm Barbara
| Storm Barbara | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Barbara approaching Turkey on 5 February 2023 | |
![]() Track of Storm Barbara according to the University of Berlin | |
| Area affected | Israel, Greece, Cyprus, Turkey & Syria |
| Date of impact | 5 - 8 February 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | Unspecified |
| Lowest pressure | Unspecified |
| Fatalities | 1 |
| Damage | Unspecified |
The storm caused high winds in Israel, and lasted until Wednesday.[146] There was 1 fatality, a 20-year-old construction worker who was killed when scaffolding collapsed in Ashdod, and 5 injuries were attributed to the storm.[147][148] In Israel, uprooted trees and flying debris caused damages to buildings and cars.[149]
The storm also hampered rescue efforts after the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.[150] The storm dissipated on 8 February 2023.[151]
Storm Isaack
| Storm Isaack | |
|---|---|
![]() Storm Issack on 7 February 2023 | |
![]() Track of Storm Isaack according to the University of Berlin | |
| Area affected | Spain |
| Date of impact | 6–8 February 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | Unspecified |
| Lowest pressure | Unspecified |
| Fatalities | None |
| Damage | Unspecified |
Storm Isaack was named on 6 February 2023 by the AEMET.[152] The storm dissipated on 8 February 2023.[153]
Cyclone Helios
| Cyclone Helios | |
|---|---|
![]() Cyclone Helios on 10 February 2023 | |
![]() Track of Storm Helios according to the University of Berlin | |
| Area affected | Sicily, Malta & Tunisia. |
| Date of impact | 9 - 12 February 2023 |
| Maximum wind gust | Unspecified |
| Lowest pressure | Unspecified |
| Fatalities | None |
| Damage | Moderate |
Cyclone Helios was named by the Malta Meteorological Office on 9 February 2023.[154][155] The storm also impacted Sicily, where it led to the closure of Catania–Fontanarossa Airport.[156] Yellow weather warnings were issued for Malta. As a result, people in Malta were advised to avoid the coasts as a result.[157]
The storm caused flooding and it led to property damage throughout the Maltese Islands, including the collapse of a false ceiling at the Malta International Airport and a structure at Popeye Village being destroyed by a dislodged boulder. During the heavy rain, walls collapsed, damaging parked cars at Għarb and St. Paul's Bay,[158] while the 17th-century Għajn Tuffieħa Tower was also damaged.[159] Some boats capsized and a yacht ran aground at Mistra Bay.[156] One minor injury was reported during the airport ceiling collapse.[156]
On 10 February 2023 Malta experienced its wettest February-day since 1938. A total of 140.4 millimeters was measured at Luqa.[160]
According to meteo.it, Helios was a mediterranean tropical-like cyclone.[161]
The cyclone dissipated on 12 February.[162]
Season effects
| Storm | Dates active | Highest wind gust | Lowest pressure | Areas affected | Fatalities (+missing) | Damage | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Danielle | 8–15 September 2022 | 100 km/h (62 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Portugal and Spain | None | Moderate | |
| Ana | 15–21 September 2022 | 75 km/h (47 mph) | Unspecified | France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Hungary, Slovakia, Ukraine and Poland | 12 (+1) | Unspecified | |
| Bogdan | 24–29 September 2022 | 95 km/h (59 mph) | Unspecified | Tunisia, Italy, Greece and Balkans | None | Unspecified | |
| Clio | 25–26 September 2022 | 35 km/h (22 mph) | Unspecified | Montenegro | None | Unspecified | |
| Dino | 30 September – 6 October 2022 | 135 km/h (84 mph) | Unspecified | Italy and Greece | None | Unspecified | |
| Bettina | 7–13 October 2022 | 180 km/h (110 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Iceland | None | Unspecified | |
| Elke | 14–21 October 2022 | 145 km/h (90 mph) | Unspecified | United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia and Russia | None | Unspecified | |
| Armand | 19–23 October 2022 | 133 km/h (83 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Portugal, France, United Kingdom and Ireland | None | Unspecified | |
| Béatrice | 20–27 October 2022 | 140 km/h (87 mph) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Iceland, Iberia, France and United Kingdom | None | Unspecified | |
| Cláudio | 30 October – 2 November 2022 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | United Kingdom, France, Netherlands | 1 | Unspecified | |
| Marion | 1–8 November 2022 | Unspecified | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | British Isles | None | Unspecified | |
| Martin | 3-7 November 2022 | 130 km/h (81 mph) | 947 hPa (27.96 inHg) | Greenland | None | None | |
| Eva | 4–10 November 2022 | 100 km/h (62 mph) | 1001 hPa (29.56 inHg) | Italy, Libya, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Turkey | None | Unspecified | |
| Philomena | 7–10 November 2022 | 110 km/h (68 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | United Kingdom | None | Unspecified | |
| Regina | 14–21 November 2022 | Unspecified | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | United Kingdom | None | Unspecified | |
| Fobos | 19–24 November 2022 | Unspecified | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Italy | None | Unspecified | |
| Denise | 21–27 November 2022 | 100 km/h (62 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Spain, Italy, Corsica, Balkans, Ukraine, Russia | 14 | €2 Million (£1.7 Million) |
|
| Ariel | 29 November-2 December 2022 | Unspecified | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | Italy, Greece | None | Unspecified | |
| Efrain | 10–17 December 2022 | Unspecified | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Portugal | 3 | Unspecified | |
| Gaia | Unspecified | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | Greece, Italy, Montenegro | None | Unspecified | ||
| Fien | 14-20 January 2023 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Spain, France, Italy, Central Europe | 1 | Unspecified | [121] |
| Gérard | 15–17 January 2023 | 163 km/h (101 mph) | 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) | France, United Kingdom, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Ireland | None | Unspecified | |
| Hannelore | 19–28 January 2023 | Unspecified | 1005 hPa (29.68 inHg) | France, Spain, Italy, Turkey, Croatia, Greece & Slovenia | None | Unspecified | |
| Barbara | 5 - 8 February 2023 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Israel, Turkey, Greece & Cyprus. | 1 | Unspecified | |
| Isaack | 6-8 February 2023 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Spain, France | None | Unspecified | |
| Helios | 9 - 11 February 2023 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Malta | None | Unspecified | |
| Total: 26 | 8 September 2022–Present | Cláudio 185 km/h (115 mph) |
Martin 947 hPa (28.0 inHg) |
Europe | 32 (+1) | €2 Million (£1.7 Million) |
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